Long-chain olefins, propylene

Metallocene catalysis can also make possible the production of copolymers of propylenes with monomers such as long-chain olefins, cyclic olefins and styrene which is not possible with more conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 

Because the catalyst is insoluble, its active sites are hardly accessible for analytical purposes, and it has not been possible to improve it on a rational basis. In contrast, metallocene catalysts permit a polymerization in which the building blocks can be linearly joined at only a single kind of site. Propylene and long-chain olefins can be built up stereoregularly, with the building... 

Table 2.32 provides economic data concerning the production of propylene and n-butenes by the Catofio and Oleilex processes, and the production of long-chain olefins by the Pacol Olex technique. 

Detergents, which now rival soap in demand, are based largely on petroleum the variety of structures which confer detergent properties have led to some interesting syntheses. Alkyl aryl sulfonates are made by alkylation of benzene either with chlorinated kerosene or with a highly-branched olefin made from propylene. Long chain olefins for secondary sulfates were made from paraffin wax. Secondary alkyl sulfonates were made by direct sulfonation of paraffins with sulfur dioxide and chlorine, a reaction discovered in America in the 193O s. 

Dual Ir/Rh catalysts were likewise used in an aqueous two-phase system [39, 60]. In particular, the conversion of long-chain olefins can benefit from the medium. Luo and Li [59] enhanced the solubility of 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, and 1-tetradecene in water by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Behr and coworkers [79-81] conducted the reaction in thermomorphic multicomponent solvents (TMS) consisting, for example, of propylene carbonate, an alkane, and a semipolar mediator. 

Surface-active polyglycol esters of alkanephosphonic acids are also formed by reaction of long-chain alkanephosphonic acids with olefin oxides, e.g., ethyl-enene oxide or propylene oxide. The reaction may be carried out in an autoclave or at atmospheric pressure, and the temperature may be varied between... 

A manufactured fiber in which the hbeplorming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other olefin units, A porlion of Lhe molecule may appear as ... 

These catalyst systems also copolymerize C2H4 with long-chain a-olefins, e.g., propylene, 1-butene, and 1-hexene. Through variations in the monomer behavior, the desired proportion of olefin/ethylene in the copolymer can be regulated. By incorporating... 

Technology for a number of applications of olefin metathesis has been developed (, fO At Phillips, potential processes for producing isoamylenes for polyisoprene synthesis and long-chain linear olefins from propylene have been through pilot plant development. In the area of specialty petrochemicals, potential industrial applications include the preparation of numerous olefins and diolefins. High selectivities can be achieved by selection of catalyst and process conditions. The development of new classes of catalysts allows the metathesis of certain functional olefins (, 14). The metathesis of alkynes is also feasible (15) ... 

Polyolefin fiber Also referred to as Olefin Fiber, is any fiber produced from polymers formed by addition polymerization of olefins and which contain more than 85 % polymerized ethylene, propylene or any other olefin units. This is similar to the US Federal Trade Commission s official definition that defines an olefin fiber as A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 % by weight of ethylene, propylene or other olefin units [1]. 

As a consequence, before 1953, the only possible blends were those of LDPE with other polymers than PO or with elastomers (e.g., chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, CSR chlorinated butyl mbber, CBR ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers, EPR, EPDM thermoplastic olefinic elastomer TPE, TPO). However, in addition to the original autoclave polymerization, already in 1938, a tubular reactor was introduced and its product had different properties than that from the autoclave. Also varying the reaction condition affected the degree of short- and long-chain branching in LDPE thus, blending different LDPEs offered a way for optimizing the resin to specific applications. 

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