Logical functions/operators

The primitive functions These comprise the various mathematical and logical operations that the program may need. They will usually include mathematical functions such as + -, /, and, logical functions, programming constructs, such as loops, and possibly other mathematical functions, such as trigonometric, exponential, and power functions. 

ESD system performance is measured in terms of reliability and availability. Reliability is the probability a component or system will perform its logic function under stated operating conditions for a defined time period. Availability is the probability or mean fraction of total time that a protective component or system is able to function on demand. Increased reliability does not necessarily increase availability. 

Software logic functions and automatic process sequence operation Standard operating procedures verification Data records and reports Power loss and recovery... 

De Silva et al. [28] prepared a naphthalene derivative (3) with logic functions (Scheme 1). Here, the bromonaphthalene unit exhibits phosphorescence in the presence of both the calcium ion and (3-CD [28], However, without them, oxygen quenches the phosphorescence of 2-bromonaphthalene phosphor because the protection effect of (3-CD is absent and photoinduced electron transfer from the tetracarboxylate receptor to the 2-bromonaphthalene phosphor occurs. Thus, phosphorescence output occurs only when the calcium ion and (3-CD inputs are active. The operation of these two inputs with a phosphorescence output corresponds to the AND logic function. The input to the NOT gate is oxygen. In the presence of oxygen without either calcium or (3-CD, the AND gate is disabled. 

Mathematical functions (arithmetic, logical, relational operators, logarithms, exponents, etc.)... 

In operational terms a NAND operation can be considered as an AND logic gate with a NOT logic function imposed upon its output. The symbols used and the corresponding truth table are shown in Figure 1. 

Logical functions allow you to use different formulas in a cell, depending on the values in other cells. The logical functions provided with Excel are IF, AND, OR and NOT. The latter three are almost always used in combination with the IF function, as are the comparison operators. 

In early spreadsheet programs, a macro was simply a string of keystrokes that could be recorded, saved and repeated to automate a simple keyboard operation. In Microsoft Excel, macros are written in a complete programming language that provides the capability to perform iterative calculations, or to take different actions based on the results of logic functions. 

If molecular computers are to operate within the same architectures as conventional silicon-based processors, then it will be necessary for the molecular chip-builder to have the same array of logic functions that photolithographers currently have at their disposal. With this requirement in mind, many examples have appeared in the literature in which (supra)mo-lecular systems show responses to different stimuli, producing outputs reminiscent of logic operations [7],... 

The first publications describing [33] the controlled unthreading and rethreading of pseudorotaxanes from our laboratories appeared in the early 1990s. The pseudorotaxane machines produced to date fall into two distinct classes - one that relates to switches (basic on-off actions in response to an applied stimulus), and the other to gates (responses to two stimuli that mimic the operation of a logic function). 

The (logical AND) operator and the (logical NOT) operator are used along with a nonstandard SQL function nbits set. This function and other related similarity functions are contained in the Appendix. The suitability of fragment keys, path-based or circular fingerprints, for any particular purpose is the subject of ongoing research.6... 

Modern electronic digital logic comes in several microelectronic integrated-circuit forms, details of which are presented elsewhere [3]. Suffice it to say here that these different types of logic differ only in their electronic operating characteristics and requirements, not in the logic functions they perform. 

The basic chemical information used for functional groups, protective groups, sensitivities and reaction conditions is represented by binary sets, and manipulated with logical set operations, AND, OR, XOR, and SUBSET. A binary set containing the current functional groups is established during perception of the target ... 

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