Liver primary structure

Hempel J, Kaiser R, Jdmvall H. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver primary structure, differences in relation to the cytosolic enzyme and functional correlations. Eur J Biochem 1985 153 13-28. 

Hempel, J., von Bahr-Lindstrom, H., and Jornvall, H., Aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver primary structure of the cytoplasmic isoenzyme, Eur. J. Biochem., 141, 21-35, 1984. 

AlO. Alin, P., Jensson, H., Cederlund, E., Jomvall, H., and Mannervik, B., Cytosolic glutathione transferases from rat liver. Primary structure of class alpha glutathione transferase 8-8 and characterization of low-abundance class Mu glutathione transferases. Biochem. J. 261, 531-539 (1989). 

L9. Levanon, D., Danciger, E., Dafni, N., Bernstein, Y., Elson, A., Moens, W., Brandeis, M., and Groner, Y The primary structure of human liver type phosphofructokinase and its comparison with other type PFK. DNA 8,733-743 (1989). 

The metabolic encephalopathies comprise a series of neurological disorders not caused by primary structural abnormalities rather, they result from systemic illness, such as diabetes, liver disease and renal failure. Metabolic encephalopathies usually develop acutely or subacutely and are reversible if the systemic disorder is treated. If left... 

The promotion by insulin of glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells (adipocytes), of glycogen deposition in liver and muscle, and its stimulation of growth soon emerged as the purified hormone became available for study. Although insulin was crystallized by Abel in 1926, its primary structure established by Sanger in 1953 (see Chapter 10),... 

It is important to resolve whether primary structural damage in the liver causes subsequent lung and circulatory effects or whether primary pulmonary blockage is the cause of the circulatory effects and liver damage. 

Ammer, D., Lerch, K. Primary structure of horse liver superoxide dismutase. In Chemical and Biochemical Aspects of Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase (Bannister, J. V., Hill, H. A. O., eds.). New York-Amsterdam-Oxford, Elsevier/North-Holland, 1980, pp. 230-236 Jabusch, J. R. et al. Biochemistry i9, 2310 (1980)... 

Takai, T., Yokoyama, C., Wada, K., and Tanabe, T. (1988). Primary structure of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase deduced from cDNA sequence./. Biol. Chem., 263, 2651-2657. 

IGF-I and II have a proinsulin-like primary structure. Their major site of production is the liver, from which they are secreted continuously rather than being stored. Thus serum serves as their reservoir where they are bound non-covalently to specific carrier proteins [48]. 

It is also the case that enzymes showing sequence similarities do not necessarily catalyse the same reactions. Sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) does not utilize ethanol, though in primary structure it resembles both yeast and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases [5,6]. 

The EE and SS isozymes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase have very similar primary structures [7,8]. Ethanol is a substrate for both, but both have a wide specificity, and ethanol is not the best substrate for either. The SS isozyme has 3/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity [9,10], which the EE isozyme does not have, and which is thought to depend upon a single amino acid replacement [11], It remains to be established whether these different isozymes have different roles in vivo. 

Finally, the primary structure of bovine liver catalase (41), specifically between Gly-215 and Lys-220 (63a), is reminiscent of proximal histidine sequences, particularly in some cytochromes and globins (Table II) (41,... 

ALP exists in multiple forms, some of which are true isoenzymes, encoded at separate genetic loci (Figure 21-4). The bone, liver, and kidney ALP forms share a common primary structure coded for by the same genetic locus, but they differ in carbohydrate content. ... 

Levanon D, Danciger E, Dafiii N, Bernstein Y, Elson A, Moens W, et al. The primary structure of human liver type phosphofructoldnase and its comparison with other types of PFK. DNA 1989 8 733-43. 

H23. Hayes, J. D., Kerr, L. A., Harrison, D. J., Cronshaw, A. D., Ross, A. G., and Neal, G. E., Preferential over-expression of the class alpha rat Ya2 glutathione S-transferase subunit in livers bearing aflotoxin-induced pre-neoplastic nodules. Comparison of the primary structures of YU) and Ya2 with cloned class alpha glutathione S-transferase cDNA sequences. Biochem. J. 268, 295-302 (1990). 

The primary structures of ctyochrome fe from several mammalian livers have been studied mainly by two groups using the enzyme-solubilized preparations which are supposed to correspond to about 70% of the... 

Many organisms contain multiple forms of GSH S-transferase, but the isoenzymes of mammalian liver have been the most extensively studied (37). These abundant enzymes are characterized by distinct but overlapping substrate specificities that account for the liver s capacity to conjugate a structurally diverse group of chemicals. Based on primary structure, physicochemical properties and catalytic specificities, mammalian GSH S-transferases have been assigned to one of three classes (a, or n) that correspond three major gene families (43). The catalytically active enzymes exist as binary combinations of either identical (homodimer) or certain combinations of non-identical subunits (heterodimer) but heterodimers do not form between subunits of different classes (43). 

K. Sogawa, M. Muramatsu (1982). Primary structure of a cytochrome P450 Coding nucleotide sequence of phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 cDNA from rat liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2793-97. 

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