Liver glycogen synthase

Gitzelmann R, Spycher MA, Feil G, Muller J, Seilnacht B, Stahl M, Bosshard, NU (1996) Liver glycogen synthase deficiency a rarely diagnosed entity. Eur J Pediatr 155 561-567... 

Fig. 5. Time course of phosphorylation and inactivation of purified liver glycogen synthase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Reproduced from Ref. 92 by permission of the authors and publisher.

Liver glycogen synthase, 404 Lone pair, electrons, 4 I.ong-chain fatty adds, 216. 226-228 defined, 320 oxidation, 286... 

With respect to the liver glycogen synthase, the hormones glucagon, vasopressin, and epinephrine all increased the phosphorylation of the peptide regions containing the sites 2 and 3 and Akatsuka et showed that glucagon promoted phosphorylation of the casein kinase I site now referred to as site 2a or the equivalent liver Ser residue to muscle glycogen synthase residue, SerlO. 

Glycogen storage disease type OA Liver glycogen synthase GYS2 ... 

Meijer AJ, Baquet A, Gustafson L, van Woerkom GM, Hue L. Mechanism of activation of liver glycogen synthase by swelling. J Biol Chem 1992 267 5823-5828. 

Uridine 5 -(5-thio-a-D-glucopyranosyl pyrophosphate) has been synthesized and found to be a potent activator of rat-liver glycogen synthase... 

The nature of the primer in the reaetions of glycogen and starch synthases has been reviewed.UDP-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gIucose has been used as a substrate for rat-liver glycogen synthase, the amino-sugar being transferred to the terminal D-glucosyl residues of glycogen. 

F. Q. Nuttall, M. C. Garmon, G. Bai, E. Y. Lee, Primary structure of hirman liver glycogen synthase deduced by cDNA cloning Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 311 1994, 443-9. 

Gilboe, D. P., and Nuttall, F. Q., 1978, In vivo glucose-, and glucagon-, and cAMP-induced changes in liver glycogen synthase phosphatase activity, J. Biol. Chem. 253 4078. 

Liver Activation of glycogen synthesis Activation of glycogen synthase (GS) Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) through phosphorylation by Akt... 

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is itself subject to control by reversible phosphorylation. Stimulation of the liver cell by insulin, the key hormone of the postprandial state,... 

Glycogen synthase forms the O -1,4 glycosidic bond found in the linear glucose chains of the granule. Table 1-14-1 shows the control of glycogen synthase in liver and skeletal muscle. 

Table 1-14-1. Comparison of Glycogen Synthase in Liver and Muscle...

Figure 6.19 Regulation of the synthesis of glycogen from glucose in liver and muscle. Insulin is the major factor stimulating glycogen synthesis in muscle it increases glucose transport into the muscle and the activity of glycogen synthase, activity which is also activated by glucose 6-phosphate but inhibited by glycogen. The latter represents a feedback mechanism and the former a feedforward. The mechanism by which glycogen inhibits the activity is not known. The mechanism for the insulin effect is discussed in Chapter 12.

The glucose concentration is the major factor regulating glycogen synthesis in liver. Glucose activates glucokinase directly as a substrate and indirectly via an increase in the concentration of fructose 6-phosphate. It also activates glycogen synthase but it inhibits glycogen phosphorylase (see text). 

Figure 6.31 (a) An increase in the intracellular concentration of glucose in the liver results in an increased activity of glycogen synthase and a decreased activity of glycogen phosphorylase. The mechanisms for these effects are shown in (b). 

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