Lithium urates

Lithium, like alcohol, can influence mood. This was discovered nearly 50 years ago by Cade (468), who was investigating the effects of lithium urate merely because it is a soluble urate salt. Lithium and not urate turned out to be the effective agent. Simple salts such as Li2C03 are widely used (by as many as 1 in every 1000 of the popula-... 

Uric acid CAS 69-93-2, (C5H4O3N4) is a white solid, insoluble in cold water, alcohol or ether, sparingly soluble in hot water. Uric acid is a weak dibasic acid thus forming two series of salts, most of which are very slightly soluble in water (lithium urate soluble),... 

Dr. J. F. J. Cade, an Australian psychiatrist, first reported on the beneficial use of a lithium compound for a psychiatric disorder, namely, manic behavior in 1949. The early human trials were undertaken after initial experiments on rats, which became quite lethargic after treatment with lithium urate. Fairly large doses were required for treating manic behavior and its use for this disorder has been displaced by organic drugs that carry less risk. His report, however, led to its current nse as a treatment for bipolar affective disorder (also known as manic-depressive disorder). Its use in the United States was curtailed for a decade and a half by the US. Food and Dmg Administration (FDA), which based its decision on incidental poisonings due to overuse of a lithium-based table salt substitute, despite a safe record of controlled psychiatric apphcations in Europe. It has been estimated that by 1985... 

Allantoin has been prepared by the oxidation of uric acid with potassium permanganate/ lead dioxide/ potassium ferri-cyanide/ oxygen/ manganese dioxide/ ozone, hydrogen peroxide/ and by the electrolytic oxidation of lithium urate. It is also formed by heating glyoxylic acid with urea. ... 

Lithium salts were once used extensively as a treatment for gout because lithium urate... 

Uthium Carbonate—Lithii carbonas U. S. Br.)—Id CO,—74—is a white, spangly soluble, alkaline, amorphous powder. With uric acid it forms lithium urate q, v.). 

Lithium urates.—The acid salt, CsH3N40jLi, is formed by dissolving uric acid in a warm solution of lithium carbonate. It crystallizes in needles, which dissolve in 60 parts of HaO at 50° (122° F.) and do not separate when the solution is cooled. It is partly with a view to the formation of this, the most soluble of the acid urates, that the compounds of lithium are given to patients suffering with the uric acid diathesis. 

Uric acid is difficultly soluble in water at 18.5° one part of acid dissolves in 10,000 parts of water. It is a weak dibasic acid, which forms two series of salts. The normal sodium salt has the composition CBH203N4Na2.H20, and is soluble in 62 parts of water at room temperature. The acid salt, 2(C6H303-N4Na).H20, is soluble in about 1100 parts of water at 15°. Normal lithium urate is moderately soluble in water on account of this fact lithia-water has been suggested as a remedy for gout. 

In the course of time, a great many crystalline organic substances have been discovered which, upon recrystallisation from a suitable solvent, form gels instead of depositing crystals. Examples are dibenz-oyl-l-cystine (upon pouring its alcoholic solution in water), camphoryl phenyl thio semicarba ide (by recrystallisation from toluene) Azomethine (upon recrystallisation from organic solvents), 1. cyclohexyl cyclohexane cis 1.2 diol (upon recrystallisation from water). Lithium urate and others. 

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