Lithium-polyaniline batteries

Table 12. Specifications of secondary lithium-polyaniline batteries...

Catalogue of lithium-polyaniline batteries, Seiko Instruments Inc., 1996. 

Figure 11.18 Schematic diagram of a lithium/polyaniline battery. The characteristics of such a battery 1.6 mm in height and 20 mm in diameter are a weight of 1.7 g, an operating voltage of 2 to 3 V, a capacity of 3 mA h, an operating temperature range from -20 to +60°C, and a cycle life of more than 1000 cycles.

Figure 11.19 Half-cell reactions in a lithium/polyaniline battery during charge and discharge.

Table 2.12 Speci fications of secondary lithium—polyaniline batteries. ...

Lithium-Vanadium Oxide 2.5.3 Lithium-Polyaniline Secondary Batteries Batteries... 

ZnO displays similar redox and alloying chemistry to the tin oxides on Li insertion [353]. Therefore, it may be an interesting network modifier for tin oxides. Also, ZnSnOs was proposed as a new anode material for lithium-ion batteries [354]. It was prepared as the amorphous product by pyrolysis of ZnSn(OH)6. The reversible capacity of the ZnSn03 electrode was found to be more than 0.8 Ah/g. Zhao and Cao [356] studied antimony-zinc alloy as a potential material for such batteries. Also, zinc-graphite composite was investigated [357] as a candidate for an electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Zinc parhcles were deposited mainly onto graphite surfaces. Also, zinc-polyaniline batteries were developed [358]. The authors examined the parameters that affect the life cycle of such batteries. They found that Zn passivahon is the main factor of the life cycle of zinc-polyaniline batteries. In recent times [359], zinc-poly(anihne-co-o-aminophenol) rechargeable battery was also studied. Other types of batteries based on zinc were of some interest [360]. 

Batteries Lithium-ion battery, Polyaniline/Ti02 composite in rechargeable battery [310-324]... 

Liang, R., Cao, H., Qian, D., Zhang, ]., and Qu, M. [2011]. Designed synthesis of SnOj-polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as an andoe material for lithium-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem., 21, pp. 17654-17657. 

Park, J.E., S.G. Park, A. Koukitu, O. Hatozaki, and N. Oyama. 2004. Effect of adding Pd nanoparticles to dimercaptan-polyaniline cathodes for lithium polymer battery. Synth Met 140 (2-3) 121-126. 

Taguchi, S., and T. Tanaka. 1987. Fibrous polyaniline as positive active material in lithium secondary batteries. J Power Sources 20 249. 

For improving the energy storage efficiency, ECP/CNM nanocomposites are widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices. These include lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Polyaniline/CNM nanocomposites and polypyrrole/CNM nanocomposites are the major composite nanostructures used for this piupose due to their superior electrochemical properties, low cost and easy processing methods. 

For the synthesis of polyaniline designed for battery electrodes, Fe(C104)3 and Cu(BF4)2 are preferable as oxidizing agents, because the products contain CIO 4 or BFi anions, which are commonly used in lithium secondary batteries. Polyaniline synthesized by Cu(Bp4)2 has a fibrous morphology [57],... 

The use of polyaniline as a possible electrode in a rechargeable solid-state battery appears promising and was first investigated by DeSurville et al. [178]. Both aqueous [179,180] and nonaqueous cells have been extensively investigated [181-183]. A lithium/polyaniline rechargeable battery is now commercially available from Bridgestone and Seiko Electronics in Japan. 

Yang L, Wang S, Mao J, Deng J, Gao Q, Tang Y, Schmidt OG (2013) Hierarchical M0S2/ polyaniline nanowires with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Adv Mater 25(8) 1180-1184. doi 10.1002/adma.201203999... 

Zhang H, Cao G, Wang Z et al (2008) High-rate lithium-ion battery cathodes using nanostmetured polyaniline/carbon nanotube array composites. Electroehem Solid-State Lett 11(12) A223-A225... 

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