Lithium interactions

As pointed out earlier (Sect. 7.1), alkyl lithium reagents induce metal-hydrogen exchange reactions. This possibility was investigated first by Paddock and coworkers [266,227]. They have found that the anion generated by the reaction of methylphosphazene with n-butyl lithium interacts with electrophiles such... 

With lithium counterions, as compared with sodium cations, a similar explanation holds. The water-lithium interaction is stronger than the water-sodium interaction. Hence, there is a somewhat greater tendency for lithium-coordinated water molecules to reorient around the 0-M axis — hence the observed smaller value... 

Nalimova VA, Sklovsky DE, Bondarenko GN, Alvergnat-Gaucher H, Bonnamy S, Beguin F. Lithium interaction with carbon nanotubes. Synth Met 1997 88 89-93. 

An 80-year-old woman taking lithium developed constipation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after starting to take amfebutamone. A diagnosis of acute paralytic ileus was made and attributed to amfebutamone, although an amfebutamone-lithium interaction could not be excluded (355). 

Phelan KM, Mosholder AD, Lu S. Lithium interaction with the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors rofecoxib and cele-coxib and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2003 64 1328-34. 

Danion JM, Schmidt M, Welsch M, Imbs JL, Singer L. Interaction entre les anti-inflammatoires non steroidiens et les sels de lithium. [Interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and lithium salts.] Encephale 1987 13(4) 255-60. 

Jefferson JW, Greist JH, Baudhuin M. Lithium interactions with other drugs. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1981 1(3) 124—34. 

Lithium interacts with other drugs. Neurotoxicity has been reported in association with haloperidol and other antipsychotic drugs, most particularly when both are given in high doses for a prolonged period... 

This does not mean, however, that 1,2-dilithioethane 7 cannot exist at all and that the claimed syntheses by Kuus must be in error. In dilithioethane aggregates, stabilization due to lithium-lithium interactions might result in species which are stable toward loss of lithium hydride. 

One of the best-known lithium interactions is the clinically relevant reduction of renal lithium clearance by combined administration of the drug with diuretics. Special caution is advised when long-term thiazides are combined with lithium. The potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone can also increase plasma... 

Although normal Arrhenius behavior was observed for k, anomalous increases of k with decreasing temperature were observed in polar solvents such as THF and dimethoxyethane (glyme) [97-99]. These results have been explained in terms of a temperature-dependent equilibrium between contact and solvent-separated ion pairs as shown in Scheme 7.13. This equilibrium shifts from the less reactive contact ion pairs k ) to the much more reactive solvent-separated ion pairs k ) as temperature is decreased because the contribution from the unfavorable (negative) entropy of dissociation (TAS /g) decreases and the enthalpy of dissociation (AH / ) is negative. The values of k and k are not very dependent upon solvent, but the equilibrium constants are very dependent on the polarity of the solvent (Table 7.2). It is noteworthy that the reactivity of the solvent-separated ion pairs approaches that of the free ions. These results also provide a rationalization for the effect of counterion on kj. Smaller cations such as lithium interact more strongly with solvent and form significant amounts of more reactive, solvent-separated ion pairs. 

OhmanR, SpigsetO. Serotonin syndrome induced by fluvoxamine-lithium interaction. Phar-macopsychiatry (1993) 26, 263-4. 

Flicker MR, Quigley MA, Caldwell EG. Diltiazem-lithium interaction an q>posing viewpoint. J CUn Psychiatry ( 9 ) 49,325-6. 

Pietruszka LJ, Biermann WA, Vlasses PH. Evaluation of cisplatin-lithium interaction. Drug IntellClinPharm( 9S5) 19,31-2. 

Ra eb M, Powell AL. Lithium interaction witii sulindac and naproxen. J Clin Psychopharmacol 19S6) 6,150-4. 

Cook BL, Sm ith RE, Perry PJ, Calloway RA. Theophylline-lithium interaction. J Clin Psychiatry 9ZS)A6,21Z-9. 

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