Lithium borate glasses

The poor cycling performance could be improved by cation and anion substitution and surface treatment of electrode active materials. Surface passivation treatments of Li particles coated with lithium borate glass and acety-... 

V. V. Golubkov, A. P. Titov and E. A. Porai-Koshits, On the structure of lithium borate glasses according to small angle scattering data, Soviet Journal of Glass Physics and Chemistry, 18(2], 122-129 (1992). 

Cramer C, Funke K, Saatkamp T, Wilmer D, Ingram MD (1995) High frequency conductivity plateau and ionic hopping processes in a ternary lithium borate glass. Z Naturforsch A Phys Sci 50 613-623... 

Mn(II) EPR spectra in biological systems are very much like those in glasses — e.g., that in lithium-borate glass (Griscom Griscom, 1967) matches closely that in kinase oxalate ternary complex (Reed Markham, 1984 referred to hereafter as RM, and references therein). Table 1 lists the measured values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters parameters (g, D, E) in some proteins, as taken from RM. 

Mn(n), pyravate kinase, and phospho enolpyra-vate (ternary complex) Z)= 1300 tiI=1/3 35 GHz Closely matches Mn(II) spectrum in lithium borate glasses. (Weak interaction of Mn(H) with C-O-P bridge oxygen of P-enolp3Tuvate upsets the electronic symmetry arormd the metal ion leading to large values of D, .) (RM)... 

Lithium Borates. Lithium metaborate [13453-69-5], LLBO2 2H20, is prepared from reaction of lithium hydroxide and boric acid. It is used as the fluxing agent for the matrix for x-ray fluorescence analytical techniques and in specialty glasses and enamels. The anhydrous salt melts at 847°C. 

Before treatment with alcohol, the ionic conductivity of lithium borate polymers was 6.23 X 10-5 to 2.07 X 10-7 Scm-1 at 50°C. The maximum ionic conductivity was observed for the polymer with a PE040o spacer unit. After the polymer reaction with alcohols, glass-transition temperatures of these polymers were found to be -52 to 39°C, which was higher than that of poly(lithium mesitylhydroborate) ( 69°C). 

LA-ICP-MS was used for in situ determination of ultratrace elements in quartz. The analytical protocol included the following elements Al, Ba, Be, Cr, Ee, Ge, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti and U . Apphcation of the LA technique to heterogeneous samples usually requires preparing a homogeneous glass by fusing with lithium borate . A difficulty encountered with multi-element LA-ICP-MS analysis is the absence of standards... 

Figure 6.10. N4 as a function of R for alkali borate glasses. L = lithium, N = sodium, K= potassium, R = rubidium, C = cesium and B = borate. Unhatched block in mixed alkali compositions represent excess N4. (After Zhong and Bray, 1989).

The cylindrical sample is kept as small as possible to minimize the absorption of diffracted radiation. The optimum thickness is jpmP, where p is the sample density. Cylinders are generally kept at 0.5rmm or less diameter. When dilution is necessary, an amorphous substance such as flour is used as the diluent. It is best that the cylindrical sample not be in a container, but in many cases this is not possible. Satisfactory container materials include lithium borate ( Lindemann glass) or various plastics because of their low mass-absorption coefficients the container is a tube with a wall-thickness of about 0.01-mm. 

FIGURE 35.8 Lithium calcium borate glass microspheres produced by passing through a flame at 1400°C. 

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