List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances

Assessment of whether the level of NP migrating from FCMs should be of concern has not reached a consensus in regulatory agencies, partly because NP is predominantly present as an impurity or degradation product as a NIAS. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) includes nonylphenol, nonylphenol,p—, octylphenol, octylphenol,p—, and tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite (see Table 5.1) in their List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances (FDA 2014), but NP and OP are not approved by the FDA for use as direct food additives. Neither NP nor OP are listed in FDA s Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake database for food contact substances (FDA 2013). 

The U.S. FDA does lists BP in its database of Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS), which includes a listing of substances directly added to food (FDA 2013a). BP is included in this database because it is allowed as a flavoring in food. BP was not found in FDA s List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances (LIAUFCS) database. There were no listings for BP in... 

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2011) List of indirect additives used in food contact substances Doc. No. 5093, antimony oxide. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http //www. accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm rpt=iaListing id=151. Accessed 5 Sept 2013... 

No specific regulatory limits or listings of cadmium compounds, including cadmium pigments, were located in FDA packaging and food contact substances databases at http //www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeIing/PackagingPCS/ default.htm (e.g., EAFUS, Inventory of Effective Food Contact Substance Notifications, List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances, and Cumulative Estimated Dietary Intake databases). 

Table 5.1 Selected indirect additives used in food contact substances (PCS), Regnum listings under the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (US CRF), Title 21, compiled from (FDA 2014 USCFR 2013)...

The use of antioxidants in foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds (direct feed additives), as well as their use in food-contact surfaces (indirect additives) is closely regulated by the governments of several countries. Antioxidants are approved only after extensive extraction, toxicological, and feeding studies. The list is relatively limited. Although antioxidants have been used for several decades and some occur naturally in food substances, intensive lesearch in continuing, pardy accelerated by the growing use of unsaturated oils in numerous food products. 

Nontoxic Materials The toxicity status of resins and additives used for food contact and packaging changes frequently, and in many cases percentages and conditions of end use are stipulated. Therefore, we do not attempt to list such materials here. The current statuses of resins, plasticizers, stabilizers, and other additives with respect to their permissible use in contact with food ( indirect additives ) are spelled out in detail in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21 (Food and Drugs), Parts 173 through 184. The Code is reprinted annually in book form and updated weekly by the Federal Register, where one should check for the latest word on any particular substance. 

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