Lire Retardants

PBBs have also been marketed as mixtures of congeners, produced in this case by the bromination of biphenyl. Their main commercial use has been as lire retardants, for which purpose they were introduced in the early 1970s. The most widely known commercial PBB mixture was Firemaster, first produced in 1970 in the United States, with production discontinued in 1974 following the recognition of pollution problems. 

Used industrially as a lire retardant, gasoline additive, antifoam agent, plasticizer, plastic stabilizer, textile conditioner, antistatic agent, and hydraulic fluid additive. 

There appears to be no documented case of any type of lire retardant contributing to human lire casualties. Most smoke inhalation casualties appear lo be caused by carbon monoxide. 

PCBs (C 2H10 nCl ), which have been widely used as lire retardants before their very high toxicity was discovered in the 1960s,74 are a class of organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl (Figure 4.5). 

The preparation of phosphine-borane polymer (Figure 9.15) was reported. It was claimed to be a lire retardant but no lire test results were given98... 

A.D. when the Romans used solutions of alum and vinegar to protect their boats against fire. In 1820, Gay-Lussac advocated the use of ammonium phosphates and borax for treating cellulosic material. Many of the promising inorganic chemicals used today were identified between 1800 and 1870. Since then, the development of lire retardants for wood has accelerated. Commercially treated wood became available after the U.S. Navy (1895) specified its use in ship construction, and New York City (1899) required its use in buildings over twelve stories tall (J). Production reached over 65 million board feet in 1943, but by 1964 only 32 million board feet was treated annually (J). 

Camino, G., Maffezzoh, A., Braglia, M., De Lazzaro, M., and Zammarano, M., Effect of hydroxides and hydroxycarbonate structure on lire retardant effectiveness and mechanical properties in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 74,457-464 (2001). 

Following the F -F H2O and Cl 4- H2O reactions, the Br 4- H2O reaction would appear to come next in the quest to understand the reaction mechanisms of the halogen atom-water systems, X 4- H2O HX 4- HO (X = F, Cl, Br) reactions. The Br 4- H2O reaction has been widely studied because Br atoms destroy ozone in the atmosphere [1,2] and because some brominated compounds play important roles in combustion chemistry acting as lire retardants [3]. 

J. Zhang, J. Hereid, M. Hagen, D. Bakirtzis, M.A. Dehchatsios, A. Fina, A. Castrovinci, G. Camino, F. Samyn, S. Bourbigof Effects of nanoclay and lire retardants on fire retar-dancy of a polymer blend of EVA and LDPE, Fire Safety Journal 44 (4) (2009) 504—513. 

MVR 8000 - Good corrosion resistance and physical properties. An economic choice where the optimum vinyl ester resin properties are not required. - Non lire retardant. 

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