Liquid-solid particle, separators

Lines in vacuum service, 135—141 Line symbols, 17, 23 Numbering, 23 Lined centrifugal pumps, 171 Liquid-solid particle, separators, 228 Baffle type specifications, 248 Baffle type, 247, 248 Centrifugal, 256, 259-261 Chcvron-vanc, 248, 235 Comparison chart, 230 Cyclone, 259 Specification form, 268 Vane, 259 Wire mesh, 246 York-vane, 248 Low pressure storage... 

The palm oil exiting the low-pressure screw press has approximately 66% oil, 24% moisture, and 10% solids (18). The solid particles are typically separated from the oil using the traditional method of pumping the oil into a tank with approximately 2 hours of residence time to allow the heavier solid particles to settle and be continuously dredged from the base of the tank. After gravity separation, the oil is then pumped through a liquid cyclone to remove residual solids. Solid particles separated from the clean oil stream are saturated with oil and recycled back into the process. After the palm oil is cleaned of solid particles, it is heated and pumped through a vacuum oil-dryer to remove moisture. 

The analytical scale liquid-solid chromatographic separation of diazepam and its metabolites has been reported by Scott and Bommer in their study of the separation of benzodiazepines from each other and from biological media18. The liquid-solid chromatography was carried out using Durapak "OPN" (36-75y particle diameter) 100 cm column with a 1 mm inside diameter and hexane isopropanol (95 5 v/v) as solvent. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min using an air driven pump. The detector was an ultraviolet monitor set at 254 nm. The... 

In this chapter, two-phase flow refers to more than one immiscible fluid or liquid-solid flow. When multi-immiscible fluids or liquid-solid (particle) co-flow in a microchannel under applied electric fields, there forms interfaces separating the different phases this is known as electrokinetic two-phase flow. 

Settling and sedimentation. In settling processes, particles are separated from a fluid by gravitational forces acting on the particles. The particles can be solid particles or liquid drops. The fluid can be a liquid or a gas. 

Flotation. Flotation is a gravity separation process which exploits differences in the surface properties of particles. Gas bubbles are generated in a liquid and become attached to solid particles or immiscible liquid droplets, causing the particles or droplets to rise to the surface. This is used to separate mixtures of solid-solid particles and liquid-liquid mixtures of finely divided immiscible droplets. It is an important technique in mineral processing, where it is used to separate different types of ore. 

When used to separate solid-solid mixtures, the material is ground to a particle size small enough to liberate particles of the chemical species to be recovered. The mixture of solid particles is then dispersed in the flotation medium, which is usually water. Gas bubbles become attached to the solid particles, thereby allowing them to float to the surface of the liquid. The solid partices are collected from the surface by an overflow weir or mechanical scraper. The separation of the solid particles depends on the different species having different surface properties such that one species is preferentially attached to the bubbles. A number of chemicals are added to the flotation medium to meet the various requirements of the flotation process ... 

Spray Dryers A spray diyer consists of a large cyhndrical and usu ly vertical chamber into which material to be dried is sprayed in the form of small droplets and into which is fed a large volume of hot gas sufficient to supply the heat necessary to complete evaporation of the liquid. Heat transfer and mass transfer are accomphshed by direct contact of the hot gas with the dispersed droplets. After completion of diying, the cooled gas and solids are separated. This may be accomplished partially at the bottom of the diying chamber by classification and separation of the coarse dried particles. Fine particles are separated from the gas in external cyclones or bag collectors. When only the coarse-particle fraction is desired for fini ed product, fines may be recovered in wet scrubbers the scrubber liquid is concentrated and returned as feed to the diyer. Horizontal spray chambers are manufactured with a longitudinal screw conveyor in the bottom of the diying chamber for continuous removal of settled coarse particles. 

Sedimentation is the partial separation or concentration of suspended solid particles from a liquid by gravity settling. This field may be divided into the functional operations of thickening and clarification. The primaiy purpose of thickening is to increase the concentration of suspended sohds in a feed stream, while that of clarification is to... 

There are a large number of processes in the chemical industries that handle a variety of suspensions of solid particles in liquids. The application of filtration techniques for the separation of these heterogeneous systems is sometimes very costly. If, however, the discrete phase of the suspension largely contains settleable particles, the separation can be effected by the operation of sedimentation. The process of sedimentation involves the removal of suspended solid particles from a liquid stream by gravitational settling. This unit operation is divided into thickening,... 

In the drying cycle, the wet inlet gas first passes through an inlet separator where free liquids, entrained mist, and solid particles are removed. This is a very important part of the system because free liquids can damage or destroy the desiccant bed and solids may plug it. If the adsorption... 

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