Liquid membrane permeation

Majumdar S, Sengupta A, Cha JS, and Sirkar KK. Simultaneous SO2/NOX separation from flue-gas in a contained liquid membrane permeator. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994 33 661. 

Guha AK, Yun CH, Basu R, and Sirkar KK. Heavy metal removal and recovery by contained liquid membrane permeator. AIChE J, 1994 40(7) 1223-1237. 

Guha AK, Majumdar S, and Sirkar KK. A larger-scale study of gas separation by hollow-fiber-contained liquid membrane permeator. JMem Sci, 1991 62(3) 293-307. 

Marr RJ, Bart HJ, and Draxler J. Liquid membrane permeation. Chem Eng Process 1990 27 59-64. 

Mickler W, Reich A, Uhlemann E, and Bart HJ. Liquid membrane permeation of zinc, cadmium and nickel with 4-acyl-5-pyrazolones and (3-diketones. J Membr Sci 1996 119 91-97. 

Ruppert, M., Draxler, J., and Marr, R., Liquid-membrane-permeation and its experience in pilot plant and industrial scale. Sep. Sci. Tech., 1988, 23 1659-1666. 

One of the greatest concerns for emulsions is the question of their stability. A very typical example of the different requirements on the stability of an emulsion is their application in Liquid-Membrane-Permeation (Figure 1) (1,2). In this process, a water-in-oil emulsion is dispersed by stirring in a bulk water phase containing metal-ions. Under certain conditions these ions will permeate through the oil-phase of the emulsion into the inner water phase of the emulsion. During this time, the emulsion should be very stable but after the permeation, the emulsion is to be separated from the bulk water and has to be broken that mean that at this step the emulsion is required to be unstable. 

Figure 1. Flow sheet of a liquid membrane permeation process.

As an example of an application of the splitter, the continuous breaking of an emulsion used in the liquid-membrane-permeation technology is shown in Figure 17. 

Prdtsch, M. Marr, R. "Development of a Continuous Process for Metal Ion Recovery By Liquid Membrane Permeation Proceedings Inter. Solvent Extrac. Conf. 1983, pp 66-67. 

Ghosh, A.C., Patil, G.S. and Dutta, N.N. (1994). Liquid membrane permeation of aromatic hydrocarbons in LPG condensate. Fuel Process. Technol., 38, 17-30. 

Separation using hollow-fiber contained liquid membrane permeator (HFCLA/IP)[93]... 

Table 6.11 Separation of isomers by hollow-fiber contained liquid membrane permeator (HFCLMP) using fS-cyclodextrin (P-CD) as a carrier in aqueous liquid membrane...

Mandal DK, Guha AK, Sirkar KK. Isomer separation by a hollow fiber contained liquid membrane permeator. J Membr Sci 1998 144(1-2) 13-24. 

M. Matsumoto, Y. Inomoto, K. Kondo, Comparison of solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane permeation using an ionic liquid for concentrating penicillin G. J. Membr Sci. 289 (2007) 92-96. 

N. N. Li and W. J. Asher, Blood Oxygenation by Liquid Membrane Permeation, in Chemical... 

Sirkar et al. (J.Membr. Sci., 43 (1989) 259) have developed a hollow fiber liquid membrane permeator in which between a bundle of hydrophobic porous hollow fibers the aqueous phase with carrier is present. This concept can be applied e.g. to remove sulfhr dioxide from ain The feed flows through the lumen of one fiber (F) and the sweepmjg gas (S) flows counter-currently through the next fiber. 

HFCLM-based Isomer Separation Processes. Armstrong and Jin (33) studied liquid membrane permeation through an aqueous SLM in a cellulose filter placed in a batch cell. The feed consisted of a 50-50 mixture of organic isomeric solute systems (structural, stereoisomers, etc.) in an organic solvent with the same solvent present in the permeate side. They incorporated p-cyclodextrin (they also tested a-and y-) in the aqueous solution to develop selectivity for one isomer over the other. Considerable selectivity was achieved initially. With time the selectivity was lost due to the inherent nature of the batch system. 

We study first liquid separation through practically nonporous membranes and then we move on to porous membranes. Of the known techniques using nonporous membranes, (reverse osmosis, dialysis, liquid membrane permeation and pervaporation), we select the most common, reverse osmosis, to begin our study of integrated flux expression development. Pervaporation is considered next There is one feature which is, however, common to almost all nonporous membrane processes i.e. the additional phase, the membrane phase, is stationary in general (except in cases of rapid transient membrane swelling or emulsion liquid membranes). This is in contrast to molecular diffusion processes in a gas or liquid where all species can diffuse (they may or may not). 

Figure 5.4.4. Various liquid membrane permeation mechanisms. (After Marr and Kopp (1982).) (a) Simple permeation of sp des A (b) simple permeation enhanced by reaction of A with an agent E in permeate (c) facilitated transport with a reversible complexing agent B in the membrane (d) facilitated transport in the presence of a reactive agent E in permeate (e) countertransport (f) cotransport.

In Section 5.4.4, we studied a variety of chemical reaction facilitated separation where the reaction was taking place in a thin liquid layer acting as the liquid membrane Figure 5.4.4 illustrated a variety of liquid membrane permeation mechnisms. Here we will identify first the structural configuration of the liquid membranes as they are used in separators with countercurrent flow pattern (as well as for the cocurrent flow pattern). There are three general classes of liquid membrane structures emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) supported liquid membrane (SLM) or immobilized liquid membrane (ILM) hollow fiber contained liquid membrane (HFCLM). Each will be described very briefly. 

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