Liquefaction continued results

Continuous Bench-Scale Experimentation With encouraging results obtained from microautoclave tests, experimentation emphasis moved to the bench-scale unit Here the concept of adding Light SRC to the recycle solvent on a continuous basis was tested Earlier work (j>) performed on short contact time coal liquefaction showed Indiana V coal to be out-of-solvent balance Also the operability of the continuous bench-scale SRT unit was highly dependent upon the quality of the solvent ... 

Based on the success of the batch autoclave experiments, continuous liquefaction and coprocessing tests using [(NH4)2MoS4l were made. High coal conversions to solvent-soluble and distillate products were observed at 450 C. Typical continuous unit results in both liquefaction and coprocessing modes at 450°C are presented in Table HI. 

Hydrothermal liquefaction is a process for the conversion of biomass into an organic product oil. It has been widely studied in the early 1980 s (see the recent extensive literature survey in [1]), Starting in 1983 Shell Research performed process development based on experiments in autoclaves and a continuous bench scale unit. This resulted in a conceptual design for the HTU process including cost estimate [2,3]. The work was discontinued in 1988. 

In summary, the pressure-filtration technique is a useful and precise analytical tool in performing the solvent classification of certain coal-derived products. The method will not only give meaningful results comparable to continuous, room-temperature Soxhlet extractions but, most importantly, save many hours in the laboratory. We have found it rapid enough to monitor continuous operations. With coal-oil slurry reaction mixtures obtained from high-temperature coal-liquefaction reactions, the solvent classification can be completed in 1 1/2 to 2 hours. 

B. In contrast, alkalis (eg, Drano) cause a liquefactive necrosis with saponification and continued penetration into deeper tissues, resulting in extensive damage. 

There is also uncertainty in the regulatory status of tertiary recycling when it does not result in the direct production of monomers suitable for polymerization into new plastic. The European Commission has at times supported the chemical recycling (depolymerization) of condensation polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate back to monomer (e.g., dimethyl terephthalate) as recycling for the purpose of government-mandated plastics recycling rate calculations, but not the liquefaction of polyolefin plastics back to petrochemical feedstocks for reprocessing in a refinery. Discussions around these types of definitional issues, and their environmental and economic implications, are likely to continue for many years to come. 

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