Lipopolysaccharide, interaction with

Reported applications of SASD involve modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules and studying their interaction with albumin and an antibody directed against LPS (Wollenweber and Morrison, 1985), identification of the murine interleukin-3 receptor and an N-formyl peptide receptor (Sorenson et al., 1986), crosslinking of factor V and Va to iodinated peptides... 

Liang-Takasaki CJ, Makela PH, Leive L (1982) Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages changing the carbohydrate of lipopolysaccharide alters interaction with complement and macrophages. J Immunol 128 1229-35. 

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by injecting an antigen into an animal in the presence of an adjuvant containing bacterial lipopolysaccharides that stimulate the immune system. Serum prepared from the blood contains several different classes of antibodies that interact with different domains in the antigen molecule, each of... 

Many larger lipid carrier proteins are known. The 476-residue plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein is discussed briefly in Chapter 22. Plasma phospholipid transfer proteins are of similar size.t/U A 456-residue human phospholipid-binding protein interacts with the lipopolysaccharide of the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria (Fig. 8-30) and participates in the immune response to the bacteria. It has an elongated boomerang shape with two cavities, both of which bind a molecule of phosphatidylcholine. Other plasma lipid transfer proteins may have similar structures/... 

Morita, T., Ohtsubo, S., Nakamura, T., Tanaka, S., Iwanaga, S., Ohashi, K., Niwa, M. Isolation and biological activities of limulus anticoagulant (anti-LPS factor) which interacts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). J Biochem (Tokyo) 97 (1985b) 1611-1620. 

The polymyxins are cationic, basic, and amphipathic poljtpeptides that interact with lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of bacilli. They potently neutralize endotoxin, reduce blood endotoxin concentrations in patients with septic shock during direct hemoperfusion over immobilized poljmyxin B fibers, and are bactericidal for many Gram-negative rods, even in resting bacteria. Alteration of the cell wall is also thought to be the mechanism of damage to renal epithelia and to the nervous system. 

Heptadepsin (Fig.25) was discovered by Ohno et al. in 2004 from Paenibacillus sp. during screening for inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated adhesioin between human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human myelocytic HL-60 cells. Heptadepsin inhibits cell adhesion induced by either LPS or lipid A by direct interaction with LPS, but does not inhibit tumor necrosis factor-a or IL-lp-induced cell adhesion ... 

Recent studies have shown that pathogens share molecular patterns that activate the innate immune response and influence the later adaptive reaction. For example, many Gram-negative bacteria express lipopolysaccharides on their outer membranes. Lipopoly-saccharides interact with Toll-like receptors (TLR) on dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils to induce production of TNF-a and other cytokines. 

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