Lipid purified, chemical analysis

Results of chemical analysis showed that the glucosamine and total fatty acid contents of the KDO depleted, toxic lipid A and the nontoxic lipid A were essentially the same but that the nontoxic lipid A was significantly lower in the phosphorus content (Table V). The molar ratio of glucosamine phosphorus fatty acids was 2 2 4 for the toxic lipid A and 2 1 4 for the nontoxic lipid A. The relative molar distribution of normal fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids) and the 3-hydroxymyristic acid did not indicate a correlation between the content of these components and toxicity. The nontoxic lipid A possessed as high a tumor regression activity when combined with CWS as did the purified... 

Lipids, relatively nonpolar chemical substances found in plant, bacterial, and animal cells, are among the most ubiquitous of biomolecules. In this experiment, a lipid extract of ground nutmeg will be purified by chromatography on a silica gel column. Analysis of the lipid extract by thin-layer chromatography will provide the classification of the components in the extract. The unknown lipids will be further characterized by saponification and analysis of the fatty acid content by gas chromatography. For an abbreviated experiment, students may be provided samples of natural oils and fats that can be analyzed by saponification and gas chromatography. 

Chemical examination of Sarcophyton glaucum collected at Ishigaki island, Okinawa Prefecture, resulted in the isolation of seven cembranoid diterpenes, namely sarcophytol A (3), sarcophytol A acetate (4), sarcophytol B (5), sarcophy-tonin A (6), and minor constituents sarcophytol C (7), D (8), and E (9). These compounds were found to be susceptible to autooxidation while being purified. The structural determination of these compounds was made mainly based on proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral evidence and degradative studies by ozonolysis. X-ray crystallographic analysis for the two crystalline compounds, sarcophytol B (5) and D (8), has been reported. The total lipid extracts of S. glaucum comprise about 40% sarcophytol A (3), 5% each of sarcophytol A acetate (4) and sarcophytonin A (6), about 1% sarcophytol B (5), and minor amounts of sarcophytol C (7), D (8), and E (9). 

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