Linear measures, conversion factors

The fraction of unattached daughters (fp), the equilibrium factor (F) and the activity median diameter (AMD) are plotted in Figure 6 for all the measurements. The AMD is derived from the aerosol measurements. These three parameters are important in the dosimetric models. At the top of Figure 6 the effective dose equivalent is plotted, computed with two models called the J-E (Jacobi-Eisfeld) and J-B (James-Birchall) models in the NEA-report (1983, table 2.9, linear interpolation between AMD=0.1 and 0.2 ym). The figure also shows the effective dose equivalent calculated from the equilibrium equivalent radon concentrations with the NEA dose conversion factor (NEA,1983, table 2.11). 

Biovolumes of individual cells were calculated from linear dimensions of measured cells applied to appropriate stereometric formulae (Smayda 1978). Carbon conversion factors established by Menden-Deuer and Lessard (2000) were used to... 

The peak area given by the TCD signal correlates linearly with the concentration of each gas. Based on the calibration for the GC-TCD, the area of the H2 peak can be converted to mol H2. When divided by the measurement time, the rate of H2 evolution is obtained. (Area under H2 peak) x (Conversion factor mol H2/area)/ Time (s) = (rate mmol H2 s ). This rate is then used with Eq. 2.1 of Efficiency Definitions in the Field of PEC to determine the STH. 

Solutions of the complexes were prepared in spectral grade benzene or carbon tetrachloride solvents, which were deaerated with prepurified nitrogen before use in order to minimize oxidation of the chromium complexes. The flow rate for the SCOT column was determined by injecting 40 to 50y 1 of methane and measuring the time of elution. The resultant linear gas velocity in ft/sec was then converted to volume flow rate in ml/min by the appropriate conversion factors. Flow rates for the packed column were determined by use of a soap-film flow meter. 

The parameter determined by integration of the stress/strain history is the critical thermomechanical conversion factor, fic- As noted both in experiments [5] and in simulations [6], drawing is destabilised at a temperature of 50-60°C, i.e. within the range for which data were measured. Figure 4 shows that despite experimental and analytical uncertainties provides a very effective index for the plane stress fracture resistance Wpi they are related by a monotonic and, indeed, quite linear relationship. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the robusmess of the procedure in that neither the initial temperature of the simulation nor the strain rate chosen to characterise plane stress separation unduly influences the result. 

In order to estimate the branching factor e for polyvinyl acetate we have analyzed the SEC data obtained on sample PVAc-E4 using the MWBD method with various e values. This sample was synthesized under kinetically controlled conditions (isothermal, T = 60°C, [AIBN] = 10"5 g-mole/1, conversion level of 48.5 percent). The SEC measurements were made at 25°C in tetrahydro-furan. The Mark-Houwink coefficients used for linear polyvinyl acetate are those suggested by Graessley (21), namely K = 5.1 x 10"5 dl/gm and a = 0.791. The whole polymer M, Mj, and B j values obtained are listed in Table II. 

The yield determined in a certain type of experiment usually strongly depends on the assumptions made about the formation mechanism. In the older literature, the excited molecules were often assumed to be produced solely in neutral excitations [127,139-143] and energy-transfer experiments with Stern-Volmer-type extrapolation (linear concentration dependence) were used to derive G(5 i). For instance, by sensitization of benzene fiuorescence, Baxendale and Mayer established G(5 i) = 0.3 for cyclohexane [141]. Later Busi [140] corrected this value to G(5 i) = 0.51 on the basis that in the transfer, in addition to the fiuorescing benzene state S, the S2 and S3 states also form and the 82- 81 and 83 81 conversion efficiencies are smaller than 1. Johnson and Lipsky [144] reported an efficiency factor of 0.26 0.02 per encounter for sensitization of benzene fluorescence via energy transfer from cyclohexane. Using this efficiency factor the corrected yield is G(5 i) = 1.15. Based on energy-transfer measurements Beck and Thomas estimated G(5 i) = 1 for cyclohexane [145]. Relatively small G(5 i) values were determined in energy-transfer experiments for some other alkanes as well -hexane 1.4, -heptane 1.1 [140], cyclopentane 0.07 [142] and 0.12 [140], cyclooctane 0.07 [142] and 1.46 [140], methylcyclohexane 0.95, cifi-decalin 0.26 [140], and cis/trans-decalin mixture 0.15 [142]. 

The next Figure (Fig. 10) shows the ratio of the atomic factors (F2 + S) taken at x values of 3 and 4nm 1 as a function of atomic number Z. Both the theoretical points and a linear fit are shown. Apparently, the ratio is a monotonically falling function of Z for elements relevant in plastic explosives. Conversely, measurement of this ratio from experimental profiles allows the effective atomic number of the scattering sample to be determined. 

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