Definition efficiency

The point and Murphree efficiency definitions above are expressed in terms of vapor concentrations. Analogous definitions can be made in terms of liquid concentrations. Further discussion is elsewhere (Lockett, Distillation Tray Fundamentals, Cambridge University, Press, Cambridge, England, 1986). 

To allow for performance comparisons between HTE and alternate hydrogen production techniques, we have adopted a general overall efficiency definition that can be applied to any thermal... 

The denominator in this efficiency definition quantifies all of the net thermal energy that is consumed in the process, either directly or indirectly. For a thermochemical process, the majority of the high-temperature heat from the reactor is supplied directly to the process as heat. For HTE, the majority of the high-temperature heat is supplied directly to the power cycle and indirectly to the HTE process as electrical work. Therefore, the summation in the denominator of Eq. (1) includes the direct nuclear process heat as well as the thermal equivalent of any electrically driven components such as pumps, compressors, HTE units, etc. The thermal equivalent of any electrical power consumed in the process is the power divided by the thermal efficiency of the power cycle. For an electrolysis process, the summation in the denominator of Eq. (1) includes the thermal equivalent of the primary electrical energy input to the electrolyser and the secondary contributions from smaller components such as pumps and compressors. In additional, any direct thermal inputs are also included. Direct thermal inputs include any net (not recuperated) heat required to heat the process streams up to the electrolyser operating temperature and any direct heating of the electrolyser itself required for isothermal operation. 

The definition of the grade efficiency (Equation 9) is similar to the total efficiency definition, but it applies only to a given bioparticle size. Figure 11.5 shows a typical grade efficiency curve ... 

Alternative definitions of tray efficiency are sometimes used. Lockett (12) reviewed the pros and cons of several efficiency definitions. He cited the industry s experience that the more rigorous and theoretically correct a definition is, the more difficult it is to use, For instance, the Standart efficiencies are often considered the soundest fundamentally, but apparently have never been used for a design. For the design and operation engineer, the overall column (or section) efficiency is by far the most important. 

Concerning the efficiency definition of a functional barrier, different understandings seem to exist. On the one hand and in most of the published cases in the litera-... 

The efficiency of a detector is a measure of how many pulses occur for a given number of gamma rays. Various kinds of efficiency definitions are in common use for gamma ray detectors ... 

Two efficiency definitions are in common use for engineering design overall tray efficiency and Mur-phree tray efficiency. Murphree tray efficiency basis can be set on either the vapor phase or the liquid phase. Most literature reports data on a vapor phase... 

The differences of the initial structure generation procedure will influence the quality of NMR structures, because of the initial structure dependency of the calculations. The ability to cross the potential barrier (i.e., conformational space exploration efficiency) definitely depends on the molecular dynamics conditions (typically simulation time). The conditions, however, are usually not validated, because of limitations by computational resources. The computing power required is linearly dependent on the simulation time, and thus has been a strong limitation of the calculations. Furthermore, temperature and steric repulsion weighing schedules as well as the force field will influence the structural quality. 

This presentation is limited to two models, the Murphree plate efficiency and the modified Murphree plate efficiency, and their applications to columns in the service of separating both binary and multicomponent mixtures. For convenience of application, these efficiencies are restated in terms of the vaporization plate efficiency. Definitions of the vaporization point and plate efficiency follow immediately and the Murphree plate efficiencies are defined in a subsequent section as they arise in the development of the perfectly mixed liquid phase model. 

Boiler efficiency definition and parameters affecting it are the argument of the first section of fhis chapter. The second section describes main components of a... 

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