Lindane internal standard

Renberg [64] recommends the use of y-BHC (lindane), DDE or DDT as a gas chromatographic internal standard. The relative retention times of the derivatives corresponding to these internal standards are shown in Table 15.3. The detection limits for the different substances for 1L of a water sample are 0.0001-0. lppb. 

Fig. 1. Gas chromatograms of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides using dual detection (FID/AFID). A, lindane B, caffeine (internal standard) C, dieldrin D, dicophane.

Graphically plot the following data, ensuring that you correctly identify and label the axes. These data were obtained for the analysis, by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, of lindane in waste water. The signal for lindane has been ratioed to the internal standard. This acts to compensate for any variations in injection volume that are inherent in injecting 1 xl of sample solution. 

What is the concentration of lindane in the waste water sample If the ratio of lindane to internal standard from the extracted sample was 0.26, calculate the concentration of lindane from the graph and then apply the dilution factor. 

Petrowitz (1986) investigated the release of the active substances of wood preservatives from chemically treated building timbers. He used glass containers with 1.5 1 volume and an air exchange of 4 h at 20 °C. Pine and spruce wood (50 cm ) were treated with 250 ml/m (lindane and endosulfane 1 %, dichlofluanid 0.5 %, PCP 5 % in Shellsol AB). Sampling was also done with activated carbon (4 g) followed by elution with toluene and acetone. Analysis was done by GC-ECD using aldrine as internal standard. 

Retrieve the Turbo method titled LEMIS, which stands for lindane, endrin, methoxychlor, internal standard mode of calibration allow sufficient instrument equilibration time. Write a sequence encompassing the calibration standards, ICV, and unknowns. Save the sequence as a file with the name, for example, G 0317 (group, March 17th). Begin to inject a 1-pL aliquot of each working standard. Initially inject iso-octane, then inject in the order lowest to highest concentration level. This order is important because it prevents carryover from one standard to the next. 

In an international ring test with lindane it was found that the relative standard deviation (S.D.) of the bioconcentration factor on a wet weight basis (BCFw) was 38%, whereas the S.D. was 23% if the BCF was related to the lipid... 

Sorption phenomena are well described and documented in the basic scientific hterature [1] and standard physical chemistry texts [2-4]. Indoor air researchers first reported extensively on adsorption to and desorption from indoor surfaces in 1987 at the 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quahty and Climate in Berlin where Seifert and Schmal [5] reported the sink effects of plywood and carpet exposed to lindane and a mixture of 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Berlin conference also provided data from two studies that examined the sink effect of textiles [6,7]. Finally, Skov and Valbjorn [8] reported on the seminal Danish town hall study. They concluded that sorption to and from large surface areas and fleecy materials was associated with lAQ problems. This work was followed up by Nielsen [9] at Healthy Buildings 88 in Stockholm, where he reviewed several studies on the importance of sorption processes on lAQ. Also in Stockholm, Berglund and her colleagues [10] provided an extensive hterature review and discussion of lAQ data leading to the conclusion that sink effects are important. They also provided the results of a study on adsorption and desorption in a ventilation system. Since then, numerous overviews have been presented on the importance of sink effects on lAQ [11,12]. 

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