Linamarin

Linamarin, acetonecyanhydrin, -D>gluco-pyranoside, CeH, 0j 0 C CH3)2 CN. M.p. I43-I45°C. Present in young flax plants and in Phaseolus lunatus and is also the glycoside of rubber seeds. Such glycosides may be regarded as primary materials for synthesis. 

Linamarin (an O-glycoside obtained from manioc, a type of yam widely distributed in southeast Asia)... 

ANDERSEN, M.D., M0LLER, B.L., Cytochromes P450 from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) catalyzing the first steps in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin cloning, functional expression in Pichia pastoris and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes, J. Biol. Chem., 2000,275, 1966-1975. 

Frakes, R.A., R.P.Sharma, and C.C.Willhite. 1985. Developmental toxicity of the cyanogenic glycoside linamarin in the golden hamster. Teratology 31 241-246. 

Frakes RA, Sharma RP, Willhite CC, et al. 1986b. Comparative metabolism of linamarin and amygdalin in hamsters. Fd Chem Toxicol 24(5) 417-420. 

Inhibition of cytochromes of electron transport system can be caused by cyanogenic glycosides, such as amygdalin (Fig. 11.14) in bitter almonds, Prunus amygdalus, linamarin and lotaustralin in clover and birdsfoot trefoil, or dhurrin (Fig. 11.14) in Sorghum vulgare. The potent effect of cyanide on cell respiration has given rise to a recent serious conservation problem. In Southeast Asia, divers stun fish on coral reefs with a blast of cyanide to collect them for the aquarium trade. In the process, many fish are killed and the corals bleached, because their symbionts die (e.g. Payne, 2001). 

Bitter almonds contain amygdalin, which is the P-D-glucoside of prunasin, so it hydrolyses sequentially to the same products. Cassava, which is used in many parts of the world as a food plant, contains linamarin, which is the P-D-glucoside of acetone cyanohydrin. Preparation of the starchy tuberous roots of cassava for food involves prolonged hydrolysis and boiling to release and drive off the HCN before they are suitable for consumption. 

CN013 Jansz, E. R., E. E. Jeya, N. Pieris, and D. J. Abeyratne. Cyanide liberation from linamarin. J Natl Sci Counc Sri Lanka 1974 2 57-65. 

Glycosides cvanoeenic prunasin (Ang. BR) linamarin (Euphorbiaceae, Ang., notably found in Cassava starch BR) amygdalin (seeds ofRosaceae, Ang. BR). 

Linum stelleroides Planch. L. usitatissimum L. YaMa (Flax) (whole plant) Fatty acids, geranylgeraniol, cholesterol, campesterol, orientin, stigmasterol, avenasterol, vitexin cycloartenol, eikosanol, leucine, valine, linamarin, lotaustralin.48 For diarrhea, sensitive skin, itchiness, loss of hair. 

N.A. Linseed oil, linoleic acid, hnolenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, mucilage, linamarin.99 Relieve constipation, demulcent, laxative. Externally as a poultice for boils, bums. 

Linalyl acetate Linamarin Linarin Linoleic acid... 

---