Lignocellulose biorefineries

CASE STUDY 2 LCA ASPECTS IN THE DESIGN OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOREFINERIES... 

Alriols, M. G., Garcia, A., Llano-Ponte, R., Lahidi, J. Combined organosolv and ultrafiltration lignocellulosic biorefinery process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157, 113—120. 

Clements LD,Van Dyne DL.The lignocellulosic biorefinery - a strategy for returning to a sustainable source of fuek and industrial organic chemicals. In Kamm B, Gruber PR., Kamm M, editors. Biorefineries -industrial processes and products,vol. l.Weinheim (Germany) Wiley-VCH 2006. p. 115—28. 

The oleaginous and lignocellulosic biorefinery stages present today different levels of developments going from laboratory research, to pilot and demonstration level, and to commercialization (Figure 5.8). 

Lignocellulose biorefinery (see Figure 17.6) processes include lignocellulosic biomass from different sources agricultural residues and wood. A lignocellulose biorefinery can be run either as a thermochemical or as a biochemical unit. 

Figure 17.6 Schematic diagram of a lignocellulose biorefinery (biochemical approach (a) and thermochemical approach (b)). FT Fischer-Tropsch. Reproduced with permission from Joint European Biorefinery Vision for 2030, Strategic Targets for 2020 - Collaboration Initiative on Biorefineries, Star-COLIBRI Project.

A. (2013) A review of enzymes and microbes for lignocellulosic biorefinery and the possibility of their application to consolidated bioprocessing technology. Bioresour. Technol, 31 (6), 754-763. 

Application Early-Stage Design and Analysis of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery... 

Lignocellulosic biorefinery Agricultural wastes, crop residues, urban wood wastes, industrial organic wastes Lignocellulosic ethanol, biooil, and gaseous products... 

The concept of a lignocellulosic biorefinery is significantly attractive since it is associated with the major advantage of the low cost of the feedstock. The different types of low-cost feedstocks such as straw, wood, grass (including bamboo), paper waste, etc. may be utilized. It is well known in the literature that lignocellulosic feedstock has a potential for several applications, and it is shown schematically in the following Fig. 21.1. 

Kleinert, M., Barth, T., 2008. Towards a lignocellulosic biorefinery direct one-step conversion of fignin to hydrogen-enriched biofuel. Energy Fuels 22, 1371—1379. 

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