Lignite wax

Montan Wax (Lignite wax). White, hard earth wax crude product, dark brown, mp 80—90°. Obtained by countercurrent extrn of lignite. Sol in CCI4, benz chlf insol in w. It is combustible nontoxic. Has been used extensively in Ger for coating particles of expls such as PETN RDX, in order to reduce their sensitivity to impact and friction Ref CondChemDict (1971), 595-R... 

Conversely, vesicants have also been thickened with various substances to enhance deployment, increase their persistency, and increase the risk of percutaneous exposure. Thickeners include polyalkyl methacrylates (methyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl), poly(vinyl acetate), polystyrene, plexiglas, alloprene, polychlorinated isoprene, nitrocellulose, as well as bleached montan and lignite waxes. Military thickener K125 is a mixture of methyl, ethyl, and butyl polymethacrylates. When thickened, agents become sticky with a consistency similar to honey. Typically, not enough thickener is added to affect either the color or odor of the agent. 

Sensitiveness to shock. T. Urbanski [30] has reported that PETN is exploded with a 50% probability on impact by a kinetic energy of 0.20 kgm/cm2 (in comparison with about 0.95 kgm/cm3 needed for tetryl). The data of Naofim [31] and Izzo [32] are similar. Stettbacher [33] on the other hand considered the sensitiveness to impact of PETN to be almost the same as that of tetryl. On account of its relatively high sensitiveness PETN is generally used after being desensitized ( phlegma-tized ) by adding 10% of montan (lignit) wax. This desensitization has practically no effect on the completeness of detonation. 

Blaukreuz Blaukreuz 1 Blaukreuz 1 Blauring 1 Blauring 2 Blauring 3 Blausaeure Blauwzuur Bleached Lignite Wax Bleached Montan Wax Blister Gas No. 1 Blister Gas No. 2 Blister Gas No. 3 Blister Gas No. 4 Blister Gas No. 5 Blue... 

Moatan Wax. Lignite wax. Obtained by extraction from lignite. Asphalt and resin content and physical properties vary with source of liguite. Brief review C. S. Letcher in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vnL 24(Wiley-lnterscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1984) pp 471-472. 

Gas chromatography (G.C.) by packed and capillary column then enables individual normal (homologous series) and acyclic iso-prenoid alkanes to be identified from, in the present work, coal tars and Turkish lignite, wax and asphaltites (and also petroleum crudes). 

CAS 8002-53-7 EINECS/ELINCS 232-313-5 Synonyms Lignite wax Montan cera Waxes, montan Definition Wax obtained by solvent extraction of lignite Properties Dark brown lumps or wh. hard earth wax sol. in CCI, benzene, chloroform, hot petrol, ether insol. in water m.p. 80-90 C acid no. 32-48 sapon. no. 88-112 Toxicology TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Ligninsulfonic acid. See Lignin sulfonate Lignite wax. See Montan wax Lignocaine benzyl benzoate. See Denatonium benzoate... 

CAS 8002-53-7 EINECS/ELINCS 232-313-5 Synonyms Lignite wax Montan cera Waxes, montan... 

Montan wax man-t n- [L montanus of a mountain] (1908) (lignite wax) n. A hard, white wax derived from lignite (a lower-grade hydrocarbon fossil mineral between peat and bituminous coal). It is sometimes described as a bitumen wax. The crude product is very dark in color, almost black, but after refining it becomes pale yellow. Its mp varies from 72 to 82°C its acid value, from 25 to 99 and its saponification value, from 58 to 104. The wax is used as a mold lubricant. 

Modification (such as oxidation of polyethylene wax and hydroxyethylation of lignite wax) leads to a reduction in the coefficient of surface tension, so making it possible to increase the effectiveness of the lubricant. But chemical modification that increases the surface tension (such as stearic amide) makes the lubricant less effective. 

Some waxes are of mineral origin. They come from the breakdown products of natural plant waxes. These include montan wax (also known as lignite wax) and the refined product ozokerite. Their alcoholic component and bound fatty acids have longer hydrocarbon chains than plant waxes. 

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