Lignins minerals

Gonzalez et al. (1996, 1999) Marine Lignin Mineralization of radiolabeled, synthetic lignin Oligonucleotide probes Yes 25 days Approximately 1/3 of lignin mineralized by 3 bacterial isolates Bacterial isolates from a- and y-Proteobacteria accounted for up to 55% of total community DNA... 

C Rtittimann-Johnson, L Salas, R Vicuna, TK Kirk. Extracellular enzyme production and synthetic lignin mineralization by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Appl Environ Micmbiol 59 1192-1191, 1993. 

Lignin Mineral matter Phenyl propane Aryl ether and C-C 30-50 20-60 5-30 12-40 3-20... 

The wood-decaying basidiomycetes of white-rot t)q)e are the most efficient microorganisms in depolymerization and lignin mineralization. [157, 68, 69, 62]. The enz mies and lignin degradation by WRF has been broadly studied in liquid cultivations [120], and in solid-state cultivations. 

Fibers for commercial and domestic use are broadly classified as natural or synthetic. The natural fibers are vegetable, animal, or mineral ia origin. Vegetable fibers, as the name implies, are derived from plants. The principal chemical component ia plants is cellulose, and therefore they are also referred to as ceUulosic fibers. The fibers are usually bound by a natural phenoHc polymer, lignin, which also is frequentiy present ia the cell wall of the fiber thus vegetable fibers are also often referred to as lignocellulosic fibers, except for cotton which does not contain lignin. 

Cellulose is the most abundant of naturally occurring organic compounds for, as the chief constituent of the eell walls of higher plants, it comprises at least one-third of the vegetable matter of the world. The cellulose eontent of such vegetable matter varies from plant to plant. For example, oven-dried cotton contains about 90% cellulose, while an average wood has about 50%. The balance is composed of lignin, polysaccharides other than cellulose and minor amounts of resins, proteins and mineral matter. In spite of its wide distribution in nature, cellulose for chemical purposes is derived commerically from only two sources, cotton linters and wood pulp. 

Miner s Friend. A lignin Dynamite, formerly manufd in the USA by the Hecla Powder Co. It contd varying amts of NG together with lignin and Na nitrate... 

Perez J, TW Jeffries (1990) Mineralization of C-ring-labelled synthetic lignin correlates with the production of lignin peroxidase, not of manganese peroxidase or laccase. Appl Environ Microbiol 56 1806-1812. 

Arjmand M, H Sandermann (1985) Mineralization of chloroaniline/lignin conjugates and of free chloroani-lines by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Agric Pood Chem 33 1055-1060. 

Plant cell walls are constructed from cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins with varying amounts of lignin, tannins, gums, proteins, minerals,... 

Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide portion of wood will release lignin but also causes major condensation reactions in the product(2l). These reactions can be minimized by using 41 wt. percent hydrochloric acid in place of other mineral acids but some condensation reactions still occur(22). This is not an effective method by which to obtain unaltered lignin. On the other hand, lignin can be solvent extracted from wood at temperature of 175°C using solvent mixtures such as 50/50 by volume water/1,4-dioxacyclohexane(23) Changes in lignin under these conditions appear to be minor. 

Hagglund, E. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Lignins. Arkiv. Kemi. Mineral. 

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