Lighting lamp types

Figure 6.114 Pendant light fitting. Lamp rating up to 250 W Lamp type TC-DEL up to 42 W HME, HIE, HSE up to 250 W Induction lamp 85 W and 165 W Rated luminous flux of induction lamps 85W 6000lm 165W 120001m IP protection code IP 67 Diameter, max. 320 mm Height 420 mm Weight 14.5 kg or 16.2 kg, depending on lamp and ballast Type of protection EEx de IIC T4/T5/T6 (terminal compartment in e ) ...

Two good examples of the importance of knowing exactly what type of UV lamp is being used can be found in the literature. Cole et al. reported on the "different biological effectiveness of black light lamps available for therapy with psoralens plus ultraviolet A" (34). In this instance, both the acceptable lamp and the unacceptable lamp bore the same designation on the lamp body. The lamps were not equivalent, and problems arose with the therapy received by patients. 

Option 2 of the ICH document allows for the use of a "... cool white fluorescent lamp as defined in ISO 10977 1993 (E), (5)" and "A near UV fluorescent light". This combination of lamps presents certain problems. We have previously noted the mix up of lamp types (old vs. new phosphor) and the "Tonnesen gap." In addition to these problems, there is the question of whether the exposure should be with both lamps illuminating at the same time, and if not, then which lamp should be used for the first exposure. 

In a 100-ml quartz flask are placed 1.76 gm of crude dithioadipic acid, 0.82 gm of biallyl, and approximately 40 ml of purified cyclohexane. All of the acid did not dissolve in the cyclohexane. The flask was stoppered with a cork and placed under the UV lamp (at a distance of about 6 in fi-om a polychromatic source of UV light, Hanovia Type 7420). After 3 hr of exposure, a solid began to form on the wall of the flask. The flask was removed after a total exposure time of 15 hr. When the solid was filtered and dried, it weighed 0.69 gm, a yield of 26.8%. The solid was dissolved in chloroform, the solution was filtered, and the polymer reprecipitated with methanol. The melting point was 91-95°C, and the inherent viscosity 0.13. 

The measured spectrum correctly displays the transmittance for wavelength A,. However, the result for A, combines the material s transmittance and fluorescent emission at that wavelength. The combined result at if also depends on the UV content of the instrument s light source., i.e., the measurement result will change for a difierent lamp type. 

An example of a light-reflection-type space filter system is shown in Fig. 22a. The light from halogen lamps is focused by a lens and guided by an optical image fiber bundle into the measuring space (bundle... 

The generation of UV light is typically achieved by placing a voltage across a gas mixture contained in lamp tubes. The gas is temporarily excited by the voltage and emits photons as it returns to a lower energy state. The gas mixture determines the wavelength emitted. Common lamp types are mercury vapor, metal halide, pulsed UV, and excimer or LED. The most common water treatment lamp is the mercury vapor. A typical system consists of the UV lamps, reactor, ballasts, lamp sleeves, and sensors. ... 

Continuous, but not very intense UV light can be produced by noble gas or mercury-vapor-filled low or high pressure lamps. For intense, impulse mode UV light different types of lasers are used a very common one is a frequency quadrupled Nd YAG laser (A. = 266 nm) or a KrF -excimer laser (X = 248 nm). 

In the fluorescent UV weathering tester, control of irradiance is simplified by the inherent spectral stabihty of its fluorescent UV lamps. All light sources decline in output as they age. However, unlike most other lamp types, fluorescent lamps experience no shift in spectral power distribution over time. This enhances the reproducibility of test results and is a major advantage of testing with the fluorescent UV weathering tester. 

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