Lowers energy state

FIGURE 13 2 Two energy states of a molecule Absorp tion of energy equal to 2 excites a molecule from Its lower energy state to the next higher state... 

The release of a photon when an analyte returns to a lower-energy state from a higher-energy state. 

An analyte in an excited state possesses an energy, E2, that is greater than that when it is in a lower energy state, Ei. When the analyte returns, or relaxes to a lower energy state the excess energy, AE,... 

The length of time that an analyte stays in an excited state before returning to a lower-energy state. 

Light, ie, a photon, is emitted in the transition from a higher to a lower energy state. The energy difference between the two states, AE, is converted to a photon having wavelength, L, of... 

Now let energy absorption from an rf field take plaee. The excess number of nuclei in the lower energy state is denoted n, son = N+. — N. The rate of change of n is... 

If the oriented nuclei are now irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of the proper frequency, energy absorption occurs and the lower-energy state "spin-flips" to the higher-energy state. When this spin-flip occurs, the magnetic nuclei are said to be in resonance with the applied radiation—hence the name nuclear magnetic resonance. 

Corrosion is essentially an electrochemical process, wherein the oxidation of metals or alloys to their (lower energy state) oxides or cations takes place. 

Passivation is a necessary and natural initial corrosion process that occurs on all hot waterside surfaces. It is the conversion of a reactive metal surface into a lower energy state that does not readily further react or corrode, and it involves the development of a passive oxide film on a clean surface. 

Oxidation of a metal or alloys to its (lower energy state) oxides or cations. In effect, the wastage or other damage to a metal caused by one or more of several types of chemical or electrochemical reactions. Takes many forms such as galvanic, crevice, pitting, underdeposit, and biologically induced corrosion. 

---