Light Microscope Techniques

C11-B0DIPY (boron dipyrromethene difiu-oride) is a fluorescent ratio probe for indexing hpid peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model membrane systems and hving cells, with excellent characteristics (Drummen et al. 2002)  

In the Mach-Zehnder interference microscope described by Grehn (1959,1960) and Walter (1962) the object contrast does not depend on the diffrac- 

Another application of the Mach-Zehnder interference microscope is to detect free sulfhydryl groups as in reduced glutathione, using mercury orange (Schiller 1974,1975). 

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Cellular structures were investigated using standard light microscope techniques. 

Many electron microscopists appreciate the value of the array of sophisticated, light microscopic techniques that are currently available (Chapter 1). In fact, volumes regarding correlative LM and EM are making... 

The macro-dispersion of the fillers can be determined by light-microscopic techniques with computer-assisted image processing on glazed cuttings of the vulcanized samples. At least five picture details have to be evaluated for each specimen. The dispersion coefficient D is calculated from the ratio of non-dispersed filler agglomerates and the volume fracture of the filler in the composites in accordance with ASTM D2663. 

To study the PBG properties of synthesized composites, we measured the specular reflection spectra from the (111) lattice planes of opal-V02. To avoid any contribution of the opal polydomain structure and structural defects to the signal being measured, we used the so-called light microscopic technique [9]. It allowed investigation of a fragment of the sample surface within a single domain. To study the phase transition effect on the PBG properties, the samples were heated by a resistance microheater. 

Several methods exist for the determination of respirable fibers. In the case of asbestos fibers, unspecific light microscopic techniques [6-110] as well as highly sensitive X-ray methods can be employed [6-111]. Differentiation from inert fibers, e.g., fibers of gypsum, is only possible with the latter method, although light microscopic analyses are more cost effective. All these procedures are suitable for the determination of total respirable fibers, especially for determining the concentration of man-made mineral fibers. 

Drees, L. R. M. D. Ransom, 1998. Light microscopic techniques in quantitative soil mineralogy. In Amonette, J. E. L. W. Zelanzny (eds.) Quantitative Methods in Soil Mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin 137-176. 

TABLE 2.2 Comparison of Light Microscopic Techniques Used for Characterizing Biomedical Specimens ... 

James J (1976) Light microscope techniques in biology and medicine, Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division, The Hague, The Netherlands, p. 336. 

For further reference the reader may consult some recent reviews on light microscopic techniques [20,... 

Palla [51] has worked out the applicability of light microscopic techniques for the characterisation... 

The two most useful supplementary techniques for the light microscope are EDS and FTIR microscopy. Energy dispersed x-ray systems (EDS) and Eourier-transform infrared absorption (ETIR) are used by chemical microscopists for elemental analyses (EDS) of inorganic compounds and for organic function group analyses (ETIR) of organic compounds. Insofar as they are able to characterize a tiny sample microscopically by PLM, EDS and ETIR ensure rapid and dependable identification when appHed by a trained chemical microscopist. 

Given the difficulty of obtaining three-dimensional crystals of membrane proteins, it is not surprising that the electron microscope technique is now widely used to study large membrane-bound complexes such as the acetylcholine receptor, rhodopsin, ion pumps, gap junctions, water channels and light-harvesting complexes, which crystallize in two dimensions. 

TUNEL is the name given to the in-situ DNA endlabelling technique which serves as a marker of apoptotic cells. This method is based on the specific binding of terminal de-oxy nucleotidyl transferases to the 3-hydroxy ends of DNA. The technique is normally used for examination under the light microscope but can also be adapted for examination under the electron microscope. 

Atoms and molecules are much too tiny to see, even with the most powerful light microscopes. In recent years, however, scientists have developed a set of immensely powerful magnifying techniques that make it... 

Tlie morphology of some bacteria, especially those that form spores, is distinctive enough under the light microscope to have value for identification. This means that differential staining techniques, such as the Gram stain or acid-fast stain, and fluorescence microscopy may help to determine the iden-... 

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