Light-emitting diode illumination

The semiconductor wafer is mounted at the end of an X-band microwave waveguide so that microwave radiation probes the reflectivity of the sample. The ohmic contact is applied as a grid of thin lines in order to minimise microwave losses. The front of the wafer is in contact with an electrolyte solution, and a modulated light source (for example a light emitting diode) illuminates the sample. The changes in... 

Piao X, Horikawa T, Hanzawa H, K-i Machida (2006) Characteization and luminescence properties of Sr[sub 2]Si[sub 5]N[sub 8] Eu[sup 2-I-] phosphtn fm white light-emitting-diode illumination. Appl Phys Lett 88(16) 161908... 

They may be classified by their structure, as coin, cylindrical and pin types. Table 5, 6, 7 respectively show their specifications. Applications of Li -(CF)n batteries as power sources are spreading from professional and business uses, such as in wireless transmitters and integrated circuit (IC) memory preservation, to consumer uses in electronic watches, cameras, calculators, and the like. Pin-type batteries are used for illumination-type fishing floats with a light-emitting diode. Coin-type batteries, which have a stable packing insulation, separator, and electrolyte for high... 

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for general illumination update 2002... 

M. Stolka, Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for General Illumination, OIDA Industrial Development Association, USA, Update 2002. 

In a light-emitting diode (LED), which is used in displays on electronic equipment, watches, and clocks, a voltage is imposed across an n-p semiconductor junction. The electrons on the n side combine with the holes on the p side and emit light at the frequency of the hand gap. This process can also be described as the emission of light as electrons fall from levels in the conduction hand to empty levels in the valence band. It is the reverse of the production of electric current by illumination of a semiconductor. 

The instrument has been developed further to be applicable in Phase I and II clinical trials. The optics have been specifically designed to yield a compact optical head. The illumination for angiography is provided by light-emitting diodes, and the lasers for release and activation consist of diode lasers incorporated into the... 

Electroluminescence from Jt-conjugated polymers was first reported in 1990 by Burroughes et al. [1], Compared to inorganic materials and small molecules, polymers promise easy fabrication of large-area displays and illumination devices. In fact, the first flexible polymer light-emitting diode (LED) was demonstrated by Gustafsson et al. in 1992 [2]. 

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