Modulation, ligands

Protein expression and functional difference of membrane-bound and soluble receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand modulation of the expression by osteotropic factors and cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275 768-775... 

D.M. Watterson, S. Mirzoeva, L. Guo, A. Whyte, J.J. Bourguignon, M. Hibert, J. Haiech and L.J. Van Eldik, Ligand modulation of glial activation cell permeable, small molecule inhibitors of serine-threonine protein kinases can block induction of interleukin 1 beta and nitric oxide synthase II, Neurochem. Int. 39 (2001) 459-468. 

The ancillary ligands modulate the oxidation and reduction potentials as a consequence of their different ligand strength and electron-withdrawal capability toward the metal d orbitals, see Fig. 3. The overall effect goes along the sequence GST > NCS > NCCT, i.e., the highest first oxidation and easiest first reduction, + 1.42 and - 1.19 V vs. SCE, respectively, are observed for Ir(ppy)2(CN)2 . Accordingly, Ir(ppy)2(CN)2 results in a blue emitter, Xem = 470 nm. 

Lehotzky, A., Palfia, Z., Kovacs, J., Mol-nar, A., Ovadi, J. Ligand-modulated cross-bridging of microtubules by phos-phofructokinase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994, 204 585-591. 

Rogers RJ, Nikulina EM, Cole JC (1994) Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor ligands modulate the behaviour of mice in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49 985-995. 

Holst, P. J., Rosenkilde, M. M., Manfra, D., Chen, S. C., Wiekowski, M. T., Holst, B., Cifire, F., Lipp, M., Schwartz, T. W., and Lira, S. A. (2001). Tumorigenesis induced by the HHV8-encoded chemokine receptor requires ligand modulation of high constitutive activity. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1789-1796. 

Sigman MS, Jensen DR. Ligand-modulated palladium-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidations. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006 39 221-229. Schultz MJ, Sigman MS. Recent advances in homogeneous transition metal-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidations. Tetrahedron 2006 62 8227-8241. 

Table 14.1 Reported BzR Ligand Modulation of GABA-Induced GABA Isoform Function...

Begg M, Mo F-M, Offertaler L, Bdtkai S, Pacher P, Razdan RK, Lovinger DM, Kunos G (2003) G protein-coupled endothelial receptor for atypical cannabinoid ligands modulates a Ca2-i--dependent K-i- current. J Biol Chem 278 46188-46194... 

Bowen, W.D., Jin, B., Blann, E., Vilner, B.J., Lyn-Cook, B.D., 1997. Sigma receptor ligands modulate expression of the multidrug resistance gene in human and rodent brain tumor cell lines. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 38 (3206), 479. 

Nebert, D.W. (1994) Drug-metabolizing enzymes in ligand-modulated transcription. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47 25-31. 

Artigas, P. and Gadsby, D. C., NaVK -pump ligands modulate gating of palytoxin-induced ion channels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 501, 2003. 

In addition to the industrial apphcations, in Scheme 8.1, other reactions have been the focus of extensive research and development. For example. Chapter 12 surveys the research efforts directed toward Pd-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of phenol affords the important monomer, diphenyl carbonate (Scheme 8.2a). Other reactions of potential industrial significance highlighted in this chapter include the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones (Scheme 8.2b), oxidative coupling of arenes and carboxylic acids to afford aryl esters (Scheme 8.2c), benzylic acetoxylation (Scheme 8.2d), and oxidative Heck reactions (Scheme 8.2e). The chapter concludes by highlighting a number of newer research developments, including ligand-modulated catalytic oxidations, Pd/NO cocatalysis, and alkane oxidation. 

Holst PJ. Tumorigenesis induced by the HHV8-encoded chemokine receptor requires ligand modulation of high constitutive activity. J Clin Invest 2001 108(12) 1789-96. 

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