Life history strategy

Kammenga, J.E. Koert, P. Riksen, J. Korthals, G.W. Bakker, J. A toxicity test in artificial soil based on the life-history strategy of the nematode Plectus acuminatys. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1996,15, 722-727. 

Lawrence, J.M., Bazhin, A. (1998). Urchin aquaculture molecules to market - Life history strategies and the potential of sea urchins for aquaculture. Journal of Shellfish Research, 17,5 1515-1522. 

The two different issues of sufficiency and necessity - if, and only if- are alluded to in the subtitle of Simon Conway Morris s (2003) book. Life s Solution Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe, and involve, respectively, determinative and requisite constraints in evolution. This chapter will focus on the question of sufficient or determinative constraint. The question of whether the environment is suited or fit to ensure the arising of complex, socially affiliative life is both scientifically and theologically significant. I will argue that directional and convergent trends in the evolution of life history strategies reflect an inherent tilt toward increased... 

An important question is Can population modeling tell us anything different from the quotient method with individual endpoints of toxicity Before we try to answer this question, another question must be asked Does the risk quotient method work for the protection of populations It seems that if a population suffers only acute mortality, then the quotient method should work. However, exposure to toxicants can result not only in mortality but also in multiple sublethal effects. Additionally, effects on populations can different greatly from effects in individuals (Stark 2005). A comparison of risk quotients for several chemicals and species to population-level effects showed that the quotients using acute mortality and an EEC work well for some species-chemical combinations but not for others (Stark unpublished). Furthermore, the same level of mortality in 2 species may result in very different outcomes due to differences in life history strategies (Stark et al. 2004), and thus even a simple measure of mortality among species may not provide enough information to protect a population. 

Stark JD, Banks JE, Vargas R. 2004. How risky is risk assessment the role that life history strategies play in susceptibility of species to stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 732-736. 

Stark JD, Banks JE, Acheampong S. 2004. Estimating susceptibility of biological control agents to pesticides Influence of life history strategies and population structure. Biol Control 29 392-398. 

Monk, K.A., 1985. Effect of habitat on the life history strategies of some British grasshoppers. J. Anim. Ecol. 54, 163-177. 

Table 12.2 Relationship of energy environment to life-history strategy...

Numerous nutritional factors influence the production of thyroid hormone (Danforth et al., 1979 Azizi, 1978 Burman et al., 1979 Serog et al., 1982) among the most important is dietary intake of iodine (Kopp, 2004). Given the adaptive role that thyroid hormone plays in determining an appropriate life-history strategy, its dependence on dietary iodine for production remains curious. 

Tadpoles of the common frog have also been individually tested in work involving life-history strategies. Series of 20 tadpoles were exposed to various treatments until... 

The life history strategy of delayed maturation in pine voles is accompanied by an unusually low litter size 2 or 3 pups per litter (Kirkpatrick and Valentine, 1970 Schadler and Buttersteln, 1979), compared to other species of voles (Hasler, 1975) Small litters and delayed maturation both might result in the production of a few high-quality individuals that are competent to successfully disperse and recruit into the breeding population (see Stearns, 1976). However, delayed maturation is a facultative response to continued association with the family, as females can conceive as early as 32 days of age when Isolated from the family (Lepri, in preparation). Thus, should an opportunity for dispersal occur, there is sufficient flexibility in the reproductive development of females to rapidly exploit it. 

Classifying the life-history strategies of trees on the basis of the Grimian model. Forest Ecology and Management, 69 167-187. 

Paarmann, W. and Stork, N. E. (1987). Canopy fo ing, a method of collecting living insects for investigations of life history strategies. Journal of Natural History, 21 536-566. 

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