Life expectancy, innovation

Using data shown in Figure 13.4, we used ordinary least squares to estimate the effect of the probability of survival to age 65 on life expectancy at birth and found a significantly positive association between these two measures a 10% increase in probability of survival to age 65 was associated with a 1.3% increase in life expectancy. This result, combined with the estimates in Tables 13.2 and 13.3, implies that a 10% increase in the stock of pharmaceutical innovation would lead to an increase in life expectancy at birth by 0.10% (i.e., 0.8% X 1.3%) to 0.18% (1.4% x 1.3%). 

Table 13.4 reports the estimated effect of pharmaceutical innovations on life expectancy by gender and age. The elasticity of life expectancy at birth with respect to pharmaceutical innovation is 0.014 for males and 0.019 for females, implying that a 10% increase in the stock of pharmaceutical innovation would lead to an increase in the life expectancy at birth by 0.14% years for males and by 0.19% years for females. Although the results reported in Table 13.4 are very preliminary, these results closely resemble results obtained from an indirect approach. 

Also, according to results presented in Table 13.4, the productivity of pharmaceutical innovation increased with age. For life expectancy at birth, the elasticity of pharmaceutical innovation was less than 0.02, but rose to 0.17 for the life expectancy of men at age 85 and over. This trend in estimated effects suggests that the marginal contribution of pharmaceutical innovations in prolonging life was higher for persons at higher ages. Moreover, the... 

The research reported in this chapter has examined the association between pharmaceutical innovations and health outcomes, using the cumulative number of NME launches in Taiwan as a measure of innovations. Based on a disease-specific panel, we found a statistically significant, positive relationship between the stock of pharmaceutical innovation available in Taiwan s market and the probability of survival to age 65, after accounting for the economic and social trends. We investigated the effect of pharmaceutical innovation on life expectancy with two different approaches. Both approaches yielded similar results. Our low bound or conservative estimate suggests that a 10% increase in the stock of pharmaceutical innovation led to an increase in life expectancy at birth by about 0.1%. 

Government policy makers wear two hats vis-a-vis the pharmaceutical sector (1) seeking to promote economic growth by increasing national employment and income, key objectives of industrial policy, and (2) promoting personal health and life expectancy and averting the spread of pandemics, key objectives of health policy, the latter being more likely to succeed as a consequence of the widespread availability and use of innovative pharmaceutical... 

The pharmaceutical industry has made a major contribution to both the life expectancy and the quality of life of the human population, but it is clear that these contributions must be made without major detriment to the environment. In this book we have tried to capture some of the major achievements in moving to a greener pharmaceuhcal industry, and in general the performance to date has been good. However, there are many challenges and opportunities that remain outstanding. In our view the scope for innovation and improvement remains as wide as ever. 

Phenix is France s experimental fast breeder reactor that is located in Marcoule and is operated by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The CEA, has decided to renovate the aging plant to extend the life expectancy of the reactor. The program reqnires field inventory and inspection of equipment to support the component life-span evaluation studies. The presence of liquid sodium and the high temperature of the reactor coolant system even at cold shutdown - between 150 and 180°C - make inspection of Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) a difficult technical challenge. Framatome-ANP has in particular conqileted fom innovative nondestructive tests at Phenix ... 

The unique properties of highly fluorinated materials are thus expected to continue inspire chemists, offer new research tools for the life sciences, and contribute to the emergence of new diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. Pharmaceutical development involves increasing complexity and heavy regulatory, financial, and other constraints, and time. Managing such complexity... 

Translate your innovation s performance and perception expectations into ISEs brief, concise phrases that describe a particular feature or function customers will expect your product or service to have. Note that ISEs should not be descriptions of the solution (e.g., long battery life), but instead should be conceptual (e.g., renewable power) so you have room for creativity. 

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