Lewis theory overview

Lewis Theory An Overview—Lewis symbol represents the valence electrons of an atom by using dots placed around the chemical symbol. A Lewis structure is a combination of Lewis symbols used to represent chemical bonding. Normally, all the electrons in a Lewis structure are paired, and each atom in the structure acquires an octet—that is, there are eight electrons in the valence shell. In Lewis theory, chemical bonds are classified as ionic bonds, which are formed by electron transfer between atoms, or covalent bonds, which are formed by electrons shared between atoms. Most bonds, however, have partial ionic and partial covalent characteristics. 

This graduate-level text presents the first comprehensive overview of modern chemical valency and bonding theory, written by internationally recognized experts in the held. The authors build on the foundation of Lewis- and Pauling-like localized structural and hybridization concepts to present a book that is directly based on current ab initio computational technology. 

Table 6.3 provides a summary of the different microscopic techniques that have been applied to hydrate studies and the type of information that can be obtained from these tools. The following discussion provides a brief overview of the application of diffraction and spectroscopy to study hydrate structure and dynamics, and formation/decomposition kinetics. For information on the principles and theory of these techniques, the reader is referred to the following texts on x-ray diffraction (Hammond, 2001), neutron scattering (Higgins and Benoit, 1996), NMR spectroscopy (Abragam, 1961 Schmidt-Rohr and Spiess, 1994), and Raman spectroscopy (Lewis and Edwards, 2001). 

W. B. Jensen, The Lewis Acid-Base Concepts An Overview, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1980, and H. L Finston and Allen C. Rychtman, A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1982, provide good overviews of the history of acid-base theories and critical discussions of the different theories. R. G. Pearson s Hard and Soft Acids and Bases, Dowden, Hutchinson, Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, 1973, is a review by one of the leading exponents of HSAB. For other viewpoints, the references provided in this chapter should be consulted. 

For a comprehensive overview of Raman spectroscopy fundamentals, theory, and applications, see (a) McCreery, R. L. in Chemical Analysis Vol 157, Wmefordner J. D, Ed. Wiley New York, 2000. (b) Lewis, I. R. Edwards, H. G. M. Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy, Erom the Research Laboratory to the Process Line Marcel Dekker New York, 2001. (c) Pivonka, D. E. Chalmers, J. M. Griffiths, R R. Eds. Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Research and Development WUey New York, 2007. (d) Dollish, F. R. Fateley, W. G. Bentley, F. F. Characteristic Raman Frequencies of Organic Compounds Wiley New York, 1974. 

A history of acid-base theories was given by Jensen, W. B. The Lewis Acid-Base Concepts An Overview Wiley-Interscience New York, 1980. 

A very useful book discussing many aspects of acid-base chemistry in term of Ihe Lewis dehnilion is Jensen, W. B. The Lewis Acid-Base Ciwcepts An Overview Wiley New York, 1980. Usanovich. M. Zhur. Obschei Khim. 1939.9.182. Finsion, H. L. Rychtiiian, A. C- A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories Wiley New York. 1982. 

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