Leukotriene E4

Finally, other mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins may also play a role. Denzlinger et al. [17] first reported an increase in urinary leukotriene E4 in anaphylactic reactions. This has been recently confirmed [18], along with an increase in 9a,l iP PGFj concentrations during anaphylaxis. 

Soon after, the complete structure of SRS-A was finally determined by total synthesis. SRS-A turned out to be a mixture of 3 substances now known as leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in which LTD4 was predominant. The jump from a biological observation in 1938 to a molecular structure of LTD4 opened the door to a novel and selective treatment for asthma. The theory was that if one... 

The title compound 160, a biologically potent metabolite of arachidonic acid metabolism, produced in the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in some mammalian cells127 128, has been synthesized129-131 by the reaction of leukotriene E4, 161, with [l-nC[acetyl chloride in 1.3% yield based on [l-nC] acetyl chloride129 (equation 55). 

Taylor, G.W., Taylor, I. and Black, P. (1989). Urinary leukotriene E4 after antigen challenge in acute asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Lancet 1, 584-588. 

Kanaoka Y, Maekawa A, Austen KF (2013) Identification of GPR99 protein as a potential third cysteinyl leukotriene receptor with a preference for leukotriene E4 ligand. J Biol Chem 288 10967-10972... 

ASANO, K LILLY, C.M., O DONNELL, W.J., ISRAEL, E FISCHER, A., RANSIL, B.1. DRAZEN, J.M. (1995) Diurnal variation of urinary leukotriene E4 and histamine excretion rates in normal subjects and patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 96, 643-651. 

Austen KF, Maekawa A, KanaokaY, et al. The leukotriene E4 puzzle Finding the missing pieces and revealing the pathobiologic implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 124 406-14. 

Higashi N, Taniguchi M, Mita H, et al. Aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). Assessment using the urinary biomarkers, leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) metabolites. Allergol Int. 2012 61 393-403. 

An S, Schmid FJ, Campbell BJ. Molecular cloning of sheep lung dipeptidase a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored ectoenzyme that converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994 1226 337-340. 

---