Leukocyte binding

There are multicellular interactions that are important in inflammatory processes and in vascular remodeling. Activated platelets induce endothelial cells to secrete chemokines and to express adhesion molecules, indicating that platelets could initiate an inflammatory (Table I) response of the vessel wall. Activated platelets promote leukocyte binding to inflamed or atherosclerotic lesions (27,28). Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are responsible for leukocyte-endothelium interactions. It plays a crucial role in inflammation and atherogenesis. Vascular CAM-1 (VCAM-I)and intracellular CAM-1 (ICAM-I) promote monocyte recruitment to sites of injury and constitute a critical step in inflammation and in atherosclerotic plaque development. TSP-1, a matricellular protein released in abundance from activated platelets and accumulated in sites of vascular injury, induces the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelium and significantly increases the monocyte attachment (29). 

ICAM-1, also known as CD54 (cluster of differentiation 54), is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type of intercellular adhesion molecule, normally present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells upon cytokine stimulation (particularly IL-1 and TNF-a) the concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1 (integrin), a receptor found on leukocytes. When activated, leukocytes bind to endothelial cells via ICAM-1/LFA-1 and then transmigrate into tissues. 

Specific receptors on tissue mast cells or circulating basophil leukocytes bind the Fc portion of the IgE molecule and the antibody becomes cell-fixed. The Fc receptors for IgE have been isolated and purified from a rat basophil leukemia (Z> ) There are about 2 to 8 x 105 of these receptors on a mast cell (9) and it appears that the receptor protein is deeply embedded in the membrane with little exposure to the external milieu The... 

One of the best-documented activities of OxPLs related to inflammation is their ability to stimulate leukocyte binding to endothelial cells. Pretreatment of cultured endothelial cells with a mixture of oxidized species (OxPAPC) leads to selective adhesion of monocytes, but not granulocytes [1]. This effect is reproduced by... 

Patrolling leukocytes bind at the site of trauma by interaotions between sialyl Lewis glycoproteins on their surface and selectin proteins on the injured... 

Oka M, Hazama S, Suzuki M, Wang F, Wadamori K, lizuka N, Takeda S, Akitomi Y, Ohba Y, Kajiwara K, Suga T, Suzuki T (1996) in vitro and in vivo analysis of human leukocyte binding by the antitumor polysaccharide, lentinan. Int J Immunopharmac 18 211-216... 

Kim JA, Territo MC, Wayner E, Carlos TM, Parhami F, Smith CW, Haberland ME, Fogelman AM, Berliner JA. Partial characterization of leukocyte binding molecules on endothelial cells induced by minimally oxidized LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1994 14 427 33. 

Patrolling leukocytes bind at the site of trauma by interactions between sialyl Lewis glycoproteins on their surface and selectin proteins on the injured cell. (Reprinted with permission from Simanek, E.E. McGarvey, G.J. Jablonowski, J.A. Wong, C.A., Chemical Reviews, 98, p. 835, Figure 1, 1998. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society.)... 

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