Plano-convex lenses

The best form of view-lens for giving pictures entirely free from distortion is a combination of two achromatic plano-convex lenses, with the couvcx sides outwards, and a small stop midway hetweeu them, as shown in Fig. 410. If a ray, p q, he refracted... 

The detector cell is 3 mm long terminated at one end by a cylindrical quartz window and at the other by a plano-convex quartz lens that disperses the transmitted light over a significant portion of the light sensitive area to the photocell. The total volume of the sensor cell was about 2.5 pi. Next to the quartz windows are two stainless steel discs separated by a 3 mm length of Pyrex tube. The mobile phase enters and leaves the detector cell through radial holes in the stainless steel discs that connect to the central orifice of the disc. The stainless steel... 

Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for laser desorption with jet cooling and postionization. Abbreviations sb, sample bar sk, skimmer g, ion source grids m, moveable mirror pd, photodiode mcp, multichannel plate detector LiF, plano-convex lithium fluoride lens c, annular cooler h, annular heater w, fused silica window al, achromatic lens.

A firequency-doubled Nd YAG laser operating at 10 hz was used with a pulse energy of 60 mJ/pulse. A spherical plano-convex lens with a focal length of 38 mm was mounted inside of e vacuum chamber to create a tight focus the at the center of the extraction field o the mass spectrometerand perpindicular to the particle beam. The laser power density at the focal point was approximately... 

Ramsden eyepiece An eyepiece for optical instruments consisting of two identical plano-convex lenses with their convex faces pointing towards each other. They are separated by a distance of two thirds of the focal length of either lens. 

A plano-convex lens was used to collimate and focus, an IR mirror was employed to eliminate non-productive IR irradiation and minimize associated heat, and a variety of UV filters could be employed to control wavelength. After evaluation of 728 reactions, they identified five which were further explored. Examples included a wavelength dependent [2-I-2]-cycloaddition of indole 27 to afford a mixture of indole 28 cyclobutane 29 (Scheme 5A). They observed that the photo-Fries rearrangement was predominant at shorter wavelengths while the [2 -I- 2]-cycloaddition was favoured at longer wavelengths. A second reaction they identified was an oxa-di-7i-methane reaction with bicycle 39 to afford the caged cyclopropane 35 in 70% yield after 2 min (Scheme 5B). In the screen they found both direct excitation and triplet sensitization conditions for the reaction. They also identified a 1,3-acyl shift with ketol 32 to afford cyclohutanone 33 in modest yield (Scheme 5C). This platform demonstrated that flow photochemistry can enable automated reaction discovery. 

Interferometer Test Cell 12 fl25 mm Plano-Convex Lens... 

Figure 7.. Schematic diagram of our FRET nano probes. It consists of several components, a) Melles-Griot green laser pointer (18 Lab 181), b) neutral density filter, c) plano-convex lens, d) optical fiber, e) sample holder, fi 532 nm cut-off filter, g) optical fiber, h) ocean optics QE65000 spectrometer. (Reprinted from Nanotechnology, Paresh Chandra Ray, Gopala K Darbha, Anandhi Ray, William Hardy and Joshua Walker, Nanotechnology, 2007, 18, 375504).

LI 25 mm focal length, 25 mm diameter plano-convex lens, broadband... 

A schematic diagram of the discharge chamber is shown in Figure 199. Its body is essentially a cross made of 6-mm o.d. borosilicate glass tubing its vertical arms are approximately 4.5 cm long. Its front end is a flange (2.5-cm diam.) to which a fused quartz window is cemented with a suitable epoxy adhesive. This window can be replaced by a plano-convex fused quartz lens, if desired. 

Figure16.12 Fresnel lens (a) Principleofcreatinga refractive Fresnel lens by segmenting a normal plano-convex lens, (b) Large-area AFM image of the center of an embossed micro Fresnel lens (side length is 150 pm).

The refractive index gradient across a planar section perpendicular to the optical axis of a plano-convex GRIN lens is given by ... 

Equation 4 allows for the calculation of the refractive index gradient on any cross-sectional plane of the PMMA/SAN17 plano-convex lens. 

Fig. 6 CAE simulations for plano-convex lens (a) base process (b) high melt temperature process (c) lower injection speed process (d) case (b)+case (c) process.

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