Leiden factor

Thromboembolism increased with factor V Leiden, factor II (prothrombin), or high factor VII variants... 

Van Gunsteren, W.F., Beutler, T.C., Praternali, F., King, P.M., Mark, A.E., Smith, P.E. Computation of free energy in practice Choice of approximations and accuracy limiting factors, in Computer Simulations of Biomolecular Systems, Vol 2, W.F. van Gunsteren, P.K. Weiner and A.J. Wilkinson, eds. Escom, Leiden (1993) 315-348. 

J.P. Bentham and W.T. Koiter, Mechanics of Fracture, ed. by G.C. Sih, Noordhoff International Publishing, Leiden, 1972, pp. 131-178 referred to in Stress Intensity Factors Handbook by Y. Murakami, Pergamon Press, New York, 1987, pp. 6-9. 

The idea that the cathode potential with respect to ]lt(H20)/Pt-0Hads determines the value of the pre-exponential factor in the ORR rate expression was inspired by a comment by Andy Gewirth (Urbana) in his talk in Leiden, pointing to the value of Pourbaix diagrams for understanding ORR electrocatalysis. Indeed, the information on these ORR-mediating and facilitating M/M-OH surface redox systems is to be found in Pourbaix s Atlas. 

Individuals with heterozygous protein C deficiency are seven times more likely to be afflicted with venous thrombosis than normal individuals. A combination of protein C deficiency with a mutation in the factor V gene (factor V Leiden) carries a much greater risk for venous thrombosis than the presence of only one of these conditions (89). 

Hessner MJ, Budish MA, Friedman KD. Genotyping of factor V G1691A (Leiden) without the use of PCR by invasive cleavage of oligonucleotide probes [In Process Citation]. Clin Chem 2000 46(8 Pt 1) 1051—1056. 

Thrombogenic mutations (e.g., factor V Leiden, protein C or S deficiency, antithrombin III... 

Middeldorp, S., et al., "A Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Carriers of the Factor V Leiden Mutation to Determine the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism," Ann. Intern. Med., 135, 322-327 (2001). 

Sarasin, F.P. and H. Bounameaux, "Decision Analysis Model of Prolonged Oral Anticoagulant Treatment in Factor V Leiden Carriers with First Episode of Deep Vein Thrombosis," BMJ, 316, 95-99 (1998). 

Spannagl, M., et al., "Are Factor V Leiden Carriers Who Use Oral Contraceptives at Extreme Risk for Venous Thromboembolism " Eur. ]. Contracept. Reprod. Hlth. Care, 5, 105-112 (2000). 

Hoyer K, Karsten U, Wiencke C (2003) Inventory of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in polar macroalgae and factors controlling their concentration. In Huiskes AHL, Gieskes WWC, Rozema J, Schomo RML, Va der Vies SM, Wolff WJ (eds) Proceedings of the VIII SCAR Meeting (Scientific Community on Antarctic Research). Backhuys Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands, pp 56-62... 

Chapman, J., Wang, N., Treves, T.A., Korczyn, A.D., Borstein, N.M. (1998) ACE, MTHFR, factor V Leiden, and APOE polymorphisms in patients with vascular and Alzheimer s dementia. Stroke, 29, 1401-1404. 

Proper duration of therapy is unclear in first event with homozygous Factor V Leiden, homocystinemia, deficiency of protein C or S, or multiple thrombophilias and in recurrent events with reversible risk factors. 

K6. Kowalski, A., Radu, O., and Gold, B., Colorimetric microwell plate detection of the factor V Leiden mutation, Clinical Chemistry 8, 1195—1198 (2000). 

Controls were a sample of 723 postmenopausal women without MI who were matched to cases by age, calendar year, and hypertension status. The main outcome measure was risk of hrst nonfatal MI based on current use of HRT and the presence or absence of coagulation factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210 G A variants among cases and controls, stratihed by hypertension. 

In the study populations, 108 MI cases and 387 controls had hypertension. Among women with hypertension, the prothrombin variant was a risk factor for MI (odds ratio 4.32). Compared with nonusers of HRT with wild-type genotype, women who were current users and who had the prothrombin variant had a nearly 11-fold increase in risk of a nonfatal MI. The interaction was absent among normo-tensive women. No interaction was found for factor V Leiden in either hypertensive or normotensive women. 

Defects in natural anticoagulants result in an increased risk of venous thrombosis. The most common defect in the natural anticoagulant system is a mutation in factor V (factor V Leiden), which results in resistance to inactivation by the protein C, protein S mechanism. 

For example, women who have the factor V Leiden mutation and take oral contraceptives have a synergistic increase in risk. 

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