Legs, exposure

Figure 1 shows the distribution of the potential exposure. The major area of potential exposure of the applicators (approximately 60%) was located on the legs, particularly the lower legs. Exposure of the legs of the harvesters was approximately half that of the applicators. For harvesters, approximately 25% of the exposure was located on the torso and another 25% on the hands. 

Immediately report the occurrence of the following adverse reactions restlessness, inability to sit still, muscle spasms, masklike expression, rigidity, tremors, drooling, or involuntary rhythmic movements of the mouth, face, or extremities. Inform all patients about the risks of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia Avoid exposure to the sun. If exposure is unavoidable, wear sunblock, keep arms and legs covered, and wear a sun hat. 

Twenty-two cases of endosulfan poisoning were reported in people exposed while spraying cotton and rice fields the dermal route of exposure was assumed to be the primary route of exposure (Singh et al. 1992). The assumption was based on the fact that those spraying rice fields, and who suffered cuts over the legs with the sharp leaves on the rice plants exhibited the more severe toxicity. Three out of the 22 cases exhibited tremors and 11 presented convulsions all patients recovered. 

Davidson, C., Benard, M.F., and Shaffer, H.B. et al. (2007). Effects of chytrid and carbaryl exposure on survival, growth and skin peptide defenses in foothill yellow-legged frogs. Environmental Science and Technology 41, 1771-1776. 

Johnston, G.O, Walker, C.H., and Dawson, A. (1994). Potentiation of carbaryl toxicity to the hybrid red-legged partridge following exposure to malathion. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 49, 198-208. 

Whole-body dosimeters are processed post-exposure as follows. The whole-body dosimeter is laid on a table covered with fresh aluminum foil and is sectioned into various pieces using a solvent-cleaned pair of scissors. The whole-body dosimeter is usually cut just at the knees to provide two lower leg sections, at the waist to provide an upper leg section, at the elbow to provide two lower arm sections, at the edge of each shoulder to provide two upper arm sections, and across the shoulders and down each side of the chest area to provide a front torso and back torso sample. The two-dosimeter sections from symmetrical parts of the body are combined to form one sample and wrapped in aluminum foil prior to storage. The upper leg, front torso, and back torso pieces are kept separate, and each is wrapped in aluminum foil prior to storage. 

Patches are placed on the test subject at designated locations. According to Durham and Wolfe, one patch should be placed on the top of each shoulder one on the upper chest near the jugular notch one on the back of the neck at the edge of the collar one on each upper front leg (thigh area) one on each lower front leg (just below the knees) and one on the back of each forearm. Patches may also be placed on the front and back of a hat or cap to measure exposure to the face and neck area. When collecting the patch samples, one may prefer to combine the two shoulder patches as one sample both lower arm forearm samples as one sample both lower front leg samples as one sample and both upper front leg samples as one sample, in order to examine the entire area of the body that the two patches represent. 

The major area (approximately 60%) of the potential exposure of the applicators was located on the legs, whereas 50% of the potential exposure of the harvesters was equally distributed to the hands and torso. Total body exposure differed significantly between workers. 

After patient contact, remove gown, leg and shoe coverings, and gloves in a designated decontamination area. Hands should be washed prior to removal of respiratory and eye protection (i.e., mask/respirator, face shield, and goggles) to minimize potential exposure of mucous membranes. Wash hands again after removal of facial PPE. 

Adults exposed to 0.5, 5, or 50 after multiple autotomy of one chela and 5 walking legs Continuous exposure for 18 days produced a dose-dependent retardation of regeneration and deaths during molt at 5 and 50 pg/L. The presence of sediment in test containers lessened effects, but did not eliminate them 38... 

The incubation period is about 12 days (range 7 to 17 days) following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and back aches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled after a few days and then begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks. 

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