Learning, synaptic plasticity

NMDAR. An ionotropic receptor for glutamate. It plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity mechanisms and thus is necessary for several types of learning and memory. 

Chapman, P. F., White, G. L., Jones, M. W. et al. Impaired synaptic plasticity and learning in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Nature Neurosci. 2 271-276,1999. 

Zamanillo, D. Sprengel, R., Hvalby, O. et al. Importance of AMPA receptor for hippocampal synaptic plasticity but not for spatial learning. Science 284 1805-1811,1999. 

Ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis plays a critical role in many physiological processes including cell cycle and development. In the nervous system, proteolysis plays a role in the formation of synaptic connections during development as well as in alteration of synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity) that occurs during learning and memory. The role of proteolysis in cell cycle and synaptic plasticity will be considered in detail below. 

During the expression of fear-related behaviors, the LA engages the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), which, as the principal output nucleus, projects to areas of the hypothalamus and brain stem that mediate the autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses associated with fear and anxiety (Schafe et al. 2001). The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie synaptic plasticity in amygdala-dependent learned fear is an area of very active investigation (Shumyatsky et al. 2002). Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the LA appears to be a critical mechanism for storing memories of the CS-US associa-... 

Blair HT, Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE (2001) Synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala a cellular hypothesis of fear conditioning. Learn Mem 8 229-242... 

Morris RGM (1989) Synaptic plasticity and learning selective impairment of learning in rats and blockade of long-term potentiation in vivo by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist APS. J Neurosci 9 3040-3057... 

Morris RG (1996) Further studies of the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in spatial learning is hippocampal LTP a mechanism for automatically recording attended experience J Physiol Paris 90 333-334... 

Multiple molecular sites of calcium regulation are necessary for normal neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory in the... 

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