Lean production, manufacturing causes

Lean construction According to the Lean Construction Institute (2011), lean construction is a new way to design and build capital facilities based on success with lean production management in other engineering disciplines which caused a revolution in manufacturing design, supply, and assembly. ... 

Quality assurance in production is the result of careful planning. In their discussion on quality in manufacturing, Ekvall and Juran [15] refer to setup dominance and machine dominance. The former approach seeks to create a highly reproducible process, which would include a means of self-control. The latter is concerned with the variability that is caused by the equipment s performance. Many older production processes appeared to rely on the machine-dominance strategy because they relied on in-process checks and adjustments as needed. Process validation, however, leans toward setup dominance because this activity seeks to document the fact that the variable process parameters are under control, which means that the in-process test results will be within their specification limits. 

Volumes and inventory A lean manufacturing operation carries minimum inventories and aeates minimum waste. Additives in concentrates or other forms, though they may be relatively inexpensive when initially purchased, are simply one more purchased product to stock on a shelf Moreover, they are bulk products that may only be used slowly over time They may also have limited shelf lives, acquiring moisture over time or otherwise degrading, causing odors or slowly or unpredictably transforming into useless material. 

Womack Jones and Roos (1990) propose perfection as the fifth Lean principle and according to this a lean manufacturer sets his/her targets for perfection in an incremental (Kaizen) path. The idea of TQM also is to systematically and continuously remove the root causes of poor quality from the production processes so that the organization as a whole and its products are moving towards perfection. This relentless pursuit of the perfect is key attitude of an organization that is going for lean . 

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