Lead North Atlantic

Oxygen solubility decreases almost linearly with increasing temperature but the diffusion rate increases exponentially. This leads to a slight increase in corrosion rate with increasing temperature although in Eq. (4-6) the factor is assumed to be greater. For this reason an increase in corrosion rate of about 1.5 times is considered in tropical waters compared with the North Atlantic. 

Boyle EA. 1990. Temporal variability of lead in the western North Atlantic. Washington, DC National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences. 

Wu, ]., and E.A. Boyle. 1997. Lead in the western North Atlantic Ocean Completed response to leaded gasoline phaseout. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 3279-3283. 

FIGURE 3.3 Depth profiles in the North Atlantic showing the decrease of lead since the introduction of unleaded gasoline (Wu and Boyle, 1997). 

Phenomena such as El Ninos or thermocline circulation in the North Atlantic lead to global instability in the processes of energy and matter exchange, which should be reflected by parameterizing non-linear feedbacks. 

Figure 8 Vertical profiles of dissolved lead in the central North Atlantic (34° 15 N, 66° 17 W data from Schaule and Patterson, 1983), the central North Pacific (32°41 N, 145°W data from Schaule and Patterson, 1981), and the central South Pacific (20°S, 160°W source Regal and Patterson, 1983). Estimates of the atmospheric input at the time of sampling and in ancient times prior to the large anthropogenic lead input are also shown (Flegal and...

The high-latitude North Atlantic has a productive spring bloom but tends towards major-nutrient limitation in the summer. This tendency toward nutrient limitation is due at least partially to the formation of deep water in the high-latitude North Atlantic. The Gulf Stream extension provides salty, warm, low-nutrient water to the high-latitude surface, and the cooling of this water eventually leads to the formation of deep waters (see Chapter 6.16). As a result of this steady state, neither surface waters nor underlying deep waters... 

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