Layered double hydroxides thermal treatment

Zinc hydroxy double salts are layered materials similar to layered double hydroxides which show intercrystalline reactivity and incorporate organic compounds between layers.337 Hydroxy double salts of high crystallinity can be obtained by reacting ZnO with organic metal salts in water. Zinc oxide crystals could then be prepared by thermal treatment of hydroxy zinc acetate.338... 

Thermal treatment of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and mixed hydroxide (MH)... 

Provided in this chapter is an overview on the fundamentals of polymer nanocomposites, including structure, properties, and surface treatment of the nanoadditives, design of the modifiers, modification of the nanoadditives and structure of modified nanoadditives, synthesis and struc-ture/morphology of the polymer nanocomposites, and the effect of nanoadditives on thermal and fire performance of the matrix polymers and mechanism. Trends for the study of polymer nanocomposites are also provided. This covers all kinds of inorganic nanoadditives, but the primary focus is on clays (particularly on the silicate clays and the layered double hydroxides) and carbon nanotubes. The reader who needs to have more detailed information and/or a better picture about nanoadditives and their influence on the matrix polymers, particularly on the thermal and fire performance, may peruse some key reviews, books, and papers in this area, which are listed at the end of the chapter. 

Thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxides typically involves endothermic processes of dehydration, dehydroxylation, and the removal of anions. These treatment processes are of great importance in the production of oxide and oxide-supported catalysts (see Sec. VI.C). For this reason, because of the wide range of metal and anion combinations of interest in this context and because of various preparative methods available, this remains an active area of research. It is, however, a difficult area because of the problems of observing metastable intermediate phases and the poor crystallinity of the thermolyzed material for this reason it employs a range of old and new techniques (1,4,13). 

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