Layer compounds lattice dynamics

The intercalation of polymers (PS, PEO, polypropylene, " etc.) from their melts into a silicate lattice is also a promising procedure. Molecular dynamics calculations and the kinetics of formation of these intercalates were considered in this study. A new line of investigation involves direct hydrothermal crystalhzation of sihcate layers from a polymer gel. This approach extends the range of intercalated polymers because it allows one to use compounds that do not contain functional groups. 

This tutorial will not attempt to deal with aU these ion implantation phenomena, although Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used in aU these fields. We wUl give several illustrative examples but we will mainly focus on semiconductors and to rather low implantation fluences where the implanted atoms are still isolated from each other or just start to coalesce and to form precipitates. The phenomena at high fluences and the dynamics of compound layer formation are beyond the scope of this tutorial. The reason for this limitation is that emission Mossbauer spectroscopy on radioactive probe atoms is particularly powerful in this low concentration range and allows to study the more fundamental phenomena of lattice location and defect association at the individual probe level, which is hard to study with other techniques. On the other hand, experience has shown that one has to be extremely careful in drawing conclusions from Mossbauer spectroscopy results only, as the possible interpretation of a particular Mossbauer spectrum is often not unique. Complementary data, e.g. from electron microscopy. X-ray difiEraction, transport measurements, channelUng experiments, are often more than welcome or even crucial for the interpretation of the hyperfine interaction data. 

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