Lattice location

One of the most fascinating applications of channeling RBS is the study of lattice locations of impurity atoms. By measuring the angular dependence of the back-scattering yield of the impurity and host atoms around three independent channeling axes it is possible to calculate the position of the impurity. Details can be found elsewhere [3.122]. 

Channelling effects can provide two types of information in RBS experiments. If a detector is adjusted to have an energy window corresponding to a chosen atomic species, a specimen tilt-through over a channelled direction brings information on the perfection of crystallinity of the target and also on the lattice location of dopants or impurities. The yields vs. tilt-through curve has a minimum in the channelled direction, and the smaller this minimum yield, the more perfect is the crystal. 

Limitations of lattice location relate to the depths that can be probed, the solute concentrations that can be used, and the accuracy to which the... 

Applications of Lattice Location a. The Site Occupied by Implanted Hydrogen... 

Extensive channeling measurements on 2H implanted into silicon have been published by Bech Nielsen (1988). These measurements also use the 3He-induced nuclear reaction in conjunction with extensive modeling using the statistical equilibrium model already described. The 2H implants were done at 30 K, and lattice location of the 2H was done as a function of annealing. 

Optical spectroscopy also provides an excellent tool with which to obtain information on the electronic structure of absorbing/emitting centers (atoms, ions, defects, etc.), their lattice locations, and their environments. In other words, optical spectroscopy allows us to Took inside solids by analyzing the emerging light. 

Taftp, J. Spence, J. C. H. (1982) Crystal lattice location of iron and trace elements in a magnesium-iron olivine by a new crystallographic technique. Science, 218, 49-51. 

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