Lavoisier, Laurent

Fig. 5.3 Lavoisier s gasometer (from Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Traite elementaire de chimie,...

Far above Leblanc, at the very pinnacle of French science, stood Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, a government financier and reformer and the father of modern chemistry. Lavoisier was a fabulously rich tax collector. His net income hovered in modern terms somewhere between 2.4 million and 4.8 million a year, and he dedicated much of it to his scientific library and chemical laboratory. 

Carbon has been known as charcoal since early human history. It was identified as an element by Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786) and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794). 

Known from antiquity, assigned as an element in 1789 by Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-1794). 

Lauter vessel, 3 578 Laux process, 79 401 Lavandin oil, in perfumes, 73 368-369 Laver, common and scientific names, 3 188t Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, 77 388 Law of mass action, 70 480 Lawrencium (Lw), 7 463-491, 464t electronic configuration, 7 474t Lawsone, in skin coloring products, 7 847 Lawsone (0.25%), cosmetic uv absorber, 7 846t... 

The 19th century is considered the century of the beginnings of the application of chemistry to the study of soil. However, foundations for these advances had been laid with the discoveries of the previous century. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, and John Dalton are well-known scientists whose discoveries paved the way for the developments in agricultural chemistry in the 19th century [1,2],... 

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and his wife Marie-Anne Pierrette, nee Paulze, the father figure (joined by a mother figure) of modem chemistry. Painted in 1788 by Jacques-Louis David. 

Sadly, Priestley missed the significance of his discovery. From knowledge of Priestley s findings, Antoin-Laurent Lavoisier realised the theoretical importance of them the gas that he had found that reacted with carbon in food to form a weak acid (carbonic acid) was Priestley s gas. He called the new air oxygen , from the Greek words oxys (sour, acidic) and genous (origin, descent). 

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743—1794) followed up Priestley s work by making quantitative measurements of the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air. At first he named the new gas highly respirable air and later, vital air. Lavoisier is often considered the father of modern chemistry ... 

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. Bronze medal by Abel Lafleur honoring the memory of Lavoisier, founder of modern chemistry, on the bicentenary of his birth. It reads He is perhaps the most complete, the greatest man that France has produced in tire Sciences (J. B. Dumas). 

Duveen, Denis, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and the French Revolution, ibid.,... 

On recommendation of the Duke of Lafoes, Joze BoniMcio was elected to the Academy of Sciences and in 1790 was sent on a journey through France, Germany, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Bohemia, Hungary, Turkey, and Italy to study under A.-L Lavoisier, A.-F. de Fourcroy, Laurent Jussieu, the Abbe R.-J. Haiiy, A. G. Werner, and Alessandro Volta. In 1800 he returned to Coimbra to teach metallurgy (Sly 52, 53). In a letter to Mine Surveyor Beyer of Schneeberg, which... 

It is often said that Antoine Laurent Lavoisier did for chemistry what Isaac Newton did for physics and Charles Darwin for biology. He transformed it from a collection of disparate facts into a science with unified principles. 

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-94), the Newton of chemistry , and his wife and sometime assistant Marie Anne Lavoisier... 

Y 1770 THE CHEMISTRY OF AIR had become the focus of intense activity. The physical behavior of air had been well worked out in the previous century, but the ability of air to lose its characteristic identity as an elastic fluid and become fixed in the solid state was a difficult fact to comprehend. In France, two men, Jean-Baptiste Michel Bucquet (1746— 1780) and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743—1794), independently undertook systematic investigations of these phenomena. After a brief collaboration, the unfortunate Bucquet died in 1780, leaving to Lavoisier the completion of a chemical revolution he had anticipated in 1773d... 

Memoire sur la calcination des metaux dans les vaisseaux fermes, la cause de I aug-mentation de poids qu ils acquierent pendant cette operation, Observations Physiques, 4 (1774) 446-449. Because so many of Lavoisier s papers have been published in many different places, I will cite only those sources directly used. In order to facilitate the location of other publications of the same work, I will also give the appropriate reference number assigned by Denis I. Duveen and Herbert S. Klickstein, Bibliography of the Works of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (London William Dawson, 1964). In this instance, DK-26. 

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent. Essays Physical and Chemical [1774]. Translated by Thomas Henry. [London, 1776.] Cass reprint, London, 1970. 

Duveen, Denis L, and Herbert S. Klickstein. Bibliography of the Works of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. London William Dawson, 1964. 

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