Anemometry, laser

Technique for Measuring Profiles of Gas-Liquid Interface and its Velocity, Int. Symp. on Laser Anemometry, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, FED 33, 97 102. (3)... 

Guillot, D Dunand, A. "Rheological Characterization of Fracturing Fluids Using Laser Anemometry" SPE paper 12030, 1983 58th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco, October 5-8. 

Early studies of the transition to turbulence relied on flow visualization techniques for liquid flow through arrays of spheres. Jolls and Hanratty (1966) found a transition from steady to unsteady flow in the range 110<7 e< 150 for flow in a dumped bed of spheres at N — 12, and they observed a vigorous eddying motion that they took to indicate turbulence at Re — 300. In regular beds of spheres, Wegner et al. (1971) found completely steady flow with nine regions of reverse flow on the surface of the sphere for Re — 82, and similar flow elements but with different sizes in an unsteady flow at Re — 200. Dybbs and Edwards (1984) used laser anemometry and flow visualization to study flow... 

Moritz, E. J., C. R. Hoffman, and T. R. Craig (1997). Particle count monitoring of reverse osmosis water treatment for removal of low-level radionuclides. Proc. 1995 ASME/JSME Eluids Eng. Laser Anemometry Conf. Exhibition, Aug. 13-18, 1995, Hilton Head, SC, 221, 151-156. Sponsored by ASME, New York. 

The second critical shear rate is much higher (i.e., 100 times Chauveteau, 1981) than the first one. The first critical shear rate is equal to the inverse of the longest rotational relaxation time k in the solution. Dilatancy starts as soon as the product of Rouse relaxation time and the maximum stretch rate, e, is greater than 4 (Chauveteau, 1981). The Rouse relaxation time demarcates the onset of entanglement effects (Roland et al., 2004). Chauveteau reported that the ratio of shear rate y to the maximum stretch rate e at the contraction was about 2.5 by laser anemometry for similar polymer solutions and flow geometries. Therefore, the second stretch rate (elongation rate) corresponds to the product of shear rate and Rouse relaxation time equal to 10. 

Several other techniques have been designed to monitor the sedimentation of suspensions, of which photosedimentation, X-ray sedimentation and laser anemometry are worthy of mention. The simplest sedimentation test is based on the visual observation of settling, whereby the turbidity of a suspension is estimated visually, or the height of the sediment and sediment volume are recorded as a function of time. Although this visual estimation of sedimentation is only qualitative, it is adequate for many practical situations. 

Laser anemometry, also described as laser Doppler velocity (LDV) measurement, is a sensitive technique that can extend the range of photosedimentation methods. 

McLaughlin, D. K., and Teiderman, W. G., "Biasing Correction for Individual Realizations of Laser Anemometry Measurements in Turbulent Flows," Physics of Fluids, 16,2082-2088 (1989). 

Borner, Th., Durst, F. and Manero, E., LDV measurements of gas-particle confined jet flow and digital data processing, Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, Paper 4.5. (1986)... 

Domnick, J., Ertl, H., Tropea, C. Processing of phase/Doppler signals using the cross-spectral density function. 4th Int. Symp. on Appl. of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, July 11-14 (1988)... 

Erdmann, J.C. and Tropea, C., Statistical bias of the velocity distribution function in laser anemometry. Proc. Int. Symp. on Application of LDA to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, Paper 16.2 (1982)... 

Under the assumption of LTE a rather simple method consists in measuring the dynamic pressure of the gas with a probe. But, in that case, the probe disturbs the plasma flow, even if it is precisely profiled <> >. Another technique consists of the observation of a small electrical perturbation superimposed on the discharge 106) jijg ygg Qf pulsed laser now offers new opportunities for this type of measurement Figure 34 shows the velocity of an argon and nitrogen plasma jet at the nozzle exit as a function of the gas flow rate. A third technique uses very small particles injected into the plasma. In HF plasma the particles velocity, supposed to be the same as the gas flow, is measured by laser anemometry However for DC... 

Boutier, A. Data processing in laser anemometry, 3d Internat. workshop on laser velodmetry, Institut Franco-Allemand de Saint-Louis, France 1976... 

Chandran, K.B., Cabell, G.N., Khalighi, B., and Chen, C.J. 1983. Laser anemometry measurements of pulsatile flow past aortic valve prostheses. /. Biomech. 16 865-873. 

Dybbs, A., Edwards, R.V., 1984. An index matched flow system for measurements of flow in complex geometries. Laser Anemometry in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 2. 

Nouri, J. M., J. H. Whitelaw, and M. Yianneskis (1987). The scaling of the flow field with impeller size and rotational speed in a stirred reactor, presented at the 2nd Inte-national Conference on Laser Anemometry, Advances and Applications, Strathclyde, Scotland, Sept. 21-23. 

Erdmann, J. C., and R. I. GeUert (1976). Particle arrival statistics in laser anemometry of tnrbulent flow, AppL Phys. Lett., 29, 408-411. 

W.D, Bachalo and S.V. Sankar, Proc. Fourth Int. Symp. on the Applications of Laser Anemometry, 1988. 

M. Saffman, P. Buchhave, and H. Tanger, Simultaneous Measurements of Size, Concentration, and Velocity of Spherical Particles by a Laser Doppler Method, Proc. 2nd Inti. Symposium on Appl. of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, (1984). 

Berkehnann KG, Renz U (1989) Applications of laser anemometry to fluid mechanics. In Adrian RJ, Asanuma T, Durao DFG, Durst F, Whitelaw JH (eds) Spring, Berlin Bisighini A, CossaM GE (2011) High-speed visualization of interface phenomena single and double drop impacts onto a deep liquid layer. J fls 14(2) 103-110... 

Bauckhage, K., FlOgel, H. H., Simultaneous Measurement of Droplet Size and Veloeity in Nozzle Sparays, in Proc. Int. Symp. Application of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, 1984, pp.l8.1.1-18.1.6. 

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