Submerged lance

Another major copper smelter has injected oxygen directly into the copper bath of a Hoboken-Siphon converter.19 Consumable lances were used for submerged oxygen injection. 

K.R. Robilliard P.J. King and W.E. Short, "The Application of Ausmelt s Top Submerged Lancing Technology to the Lead Industry", Eleventh International Lead Conference. Venice, Italy, 25-27 May, 1993. 

Outotec s Ausmelt Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology for the Nickel... 

The development of Outotec s Ausmelt Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology was derived from the original Sirosmelt research undertaken at the CSIRO in Australia. The use of a submerged lance to deliver fuel and air/oxygen was quickly seen as advantageous to bath... 

The top submerged lance-slag bath reactor for injection of gases and fuel into a slag bath was developed in Australia by the Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), and was termed the SIROSMELT Process. The original aim was to avoid the refractory problems... 

As an alternative to the conventional slag fuming furnace, a top submerged lance slag bath reactor may be used for zinc fuming. In this process fuel as gas, oil or pulverised coal is injected with oxygen... 

A schematic of the submerged lance slag bath process is shown in Figure 8.9. 

Top-submerged lancing (TSL) - slag bath reactor operating principles and construction... 

Direct smelting processes provide alternatives to the sinter plant-blast furnace above, up to the stage of crude bullion production, but still require the addition of refining operations to produce high-grade lead. Three alternatives have been evaluated - the Kivcet process, the QSL process and the Isasmelt process - as typical of the top submerged lance slag bath reactor. Evaluations are based on comparable feeds, predominantly lead concentrates with low residue inputs. 

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