Lamination residual stress

Chamis. C.C. (1971). Lamination residual stresses in cross-plied fiber composites. NASA TM X-52881. 

Most defects can be detected using one or more appropriate nondestructive testing techniques. However, in the absence of routine nondestructive testing inspections, identification of defects in installed equipment is generally limited to those that can be observed visually. Defects such as high residual stresses, microstructural defects such as sensitized welds in stainless steel, and laminations will normally remain undetected. Defects that can be detected visually have the following features ... 

Barnes, J.A. and Byerly, G.E. (1994). The formation of residual stresses in laminated thermoplastic composites. Composites Sci. Techno . 51, 479-494. 

Jeronimidis. G. and Parkyn. A. (1988). Residual stresses in carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix laminates,... 

Jones, F.R, (1994). Laminates-residual thermal and related stresses. In Handbook of Polymer Fiber Composites (F.R. Jones, ed.), Longman Scientific Technical, Essex. England, pp. 254-260. 

Design of tough ceramic laminates by residual stresses control... 

A number of articles on the design of ceramic laminates leading to a significant increase of their mechanical properties were published in the past [15-19]. Our work is based on the control of thermal residual stresses by optimization of the layered structure [20, 21], The proposed approach targets the fracture toughness increase of laminate ceramic composites and is based on the preliminary results both from our work [22, 23] and from the work of others [24-26],... 

The compressive residual stress crrl in the outside layers of a laminate shields natural and artificial cracks in the layer. Therefore, the effective (apparent) fracture toughness of such a structure increases. The more compressive residual stress induced, the more shielding occurs. Another important factor that contributes to the apparent fracture toughness increase... 

Table 7.2 Calculated residual stresses in Si3N4 based laminates...

---