Lakes temperate

Fig. 14-5 Typical distribution of P and temperature in a temperate lake in summer. Thermal stratification restricts exchange between surface and deep wafers. Phosphorus is depleted in the surface waters by the sinking of biologically produced particles.

As cooling occurs in the late fall and early winter, the thermal stratification breaks down, permitting mixing of the deep and surface layers. This allows the surface layers to be replenished with P. During the winter months, biological productivity in a temperate lake is limited by the availability of light rather than nutrients. 

Watras C J, Bloom NS, Hudson RIM, Gherini SA, Munson R, Klaas SA, Morrison KA, Hurley J, Wiener JG, Fitzgerald WF, Mason R, Vandal G, Powell D, Rada R, Rislove L, Winfrey M, Elder J, Krabbenhoft D, Andren AW, Babiarz C, Porcella DB, Huckabee HW. 1994. Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in remote temperate lakes. In Watras CJ, Huckabee JW, editors. Mercury pollution — integration and synthesis. Boca Raton (FL) Lewis Publishers, p. 153-177. 

Krabbenhoft DP, Gflmour CC, Beniot JM, Babiarz CL, Andren AW, Hurley JP. 1998a. Methyhnercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake. C J Fish Aquat Sci 55 835-844. 

Rusak JA, Yan ND, Somers KM, Cottingham KL, Micheh F, Carpenter SR, Frost TM, Paterson MJ, McQueen DJ. 2002. Temporal, spatial, and taxonomic patterns of crustacean zooplankton variability in umnanipulated north-temperate lakes. Limnol Oceanogr... 

Ferromanganese nodules have been identified and described in temperate lakes around the world. These nodules were first described by Honeyman (1881) who thought they were fragments of prehistoric pottery. Further investigation showed that the nodules were composed of iron and manganese oxides (Honeyman 1881). 

Schachtman DP, Reid RJ, Ayling SM (1998) Phosphorus uptake by plants from soil to cell. Plant Physiol 116 447-453. doi http //www.plantphysiol.org Schindler DW (1974) Eutrophication and recovery in experimental lakes implications for lake management. Science 184 897-899. doi http //www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/184/4139/897 Schindler DW, Hecky RE, Findlay DL, Stainton MP, Parker BR, Paterson MJ, Beaty KG, Lyng M, Kasian SEM (2008) Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 11254-11258. doi http //www.pnas.org/content/105/32/l 1254.abstract Scott JT, Condron LM (2003) Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system. Biol Fert Soils 39 65-73 Shane MW, Lambers H (2005) Cluster roots a curiosity in context. Plant Soil 274 101-125. doi http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/s 11104-004-2725-7... 

Shallow lakes are open water bodies a few metres deep. Only considered foe temperate and tropical regions in polar and boreal regions it is difficult to separate shallow lakes from bogs and fens. 

Lakes, rivers, swamps, and marshes - common in temperate areas - contribute little to the diversity of natural products. Abundant dull-green grass and dull-colored fish and moUusks characterize lakes and rivers, in contrasts with the vivid colors of tropical fish and seaweeds. Haplosclerid sponges are occasionally abundant in freshwater, but their secondary metabolism is limited to demospongic acids (Dembisky 1994), in contrast with the variety of metabolites from marine sponges in the same order. Where not for cyanobacteria (which are as rich of unusual metabolites as the marine strains), tropical amphibians, and aquatic fimgi, freshwater ecosystems would have passed unnoticed in this book. 

This chapter demonstrates the usefulness of stable isotopes in investigating groundwater-lake systems. The discussion emphasizes isotopic applications to groundwater-lake systems characteristic of the temperate glaciated regions of the north-central and northeastern United States. Thus, it is also applicable to similar systems in other glaciated parts of the world, such as the Scandinavian peninsula and northern Asia. The applications stem from our experience with lake systems in the lake district of north-central Wisconsin. As such, we restrict our discussion to shallow groundwater systems that are hydraulically connected to freshwater lakes. 

Partly because of this concern, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute, initiated an extensive study of Hg cycling in seepage lakes of north-central Wisconsin (14). The mercury in temperate lakes (MTL) study used clean sampling and subnanogram analytical techniques for trace metals (10, 17) to quantify Hg in various lake compartments (gaseous phase, dissolved lake water, seston, sediment, and biota) and to estimate major Hg fluxes (atmospheric inputs, volatilization, incorporation into seston, sedimentation, and sediment release) in seven seepage lake systems. 

Babiarz, C. L. Andren, A. W. Mercury in Temperate Lakes Annual Report, Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto, CA, 1990. 

The term plankton refers to the whole mass, or sum, of passively floating or drifting microorganisms to be found in a body of water. The term zooplankton refers to animal organisms and phytoplankton to plant organisms. Seawater can yield massive quantities of plankton while river water, treated wastewater, lakes, and other sources of fresh water also have considerable quantities, especially of phytoplankton in countries with temperate climates during periods of warm weather. 

Grimalt JO, Fernandez P, Berdie L, Vilanova RM, Catalan J, Psenner R, Hofer R, Appleby PG, Rosseland BO, Lien L, Massabuau LC, Batterbee RW (2001) Selective trapping of organo-chlorine compounds in mountain lakes of temperate areas. Environ Sci Technol 35 2690-2697... 

---