Ladles

Ladder tron Ladenburg s formula Ladle metallurgy Ladles... 

Over 95% of the world s DRI production is consumed in electric arc furnace steelmaking. The remaining 5% is spHt among blast furnaces, oxygen steelmaking, foundries, and ladle metallurgy (qv) faciUties. 

HBI is an effective trim coolant for molten steel in ladle metallurgy faciUties, ladle refiners, ladle furnaces, and vacuum degassers. It provides cold iron units in an ideal size and density for penetrating the ladle slag and cooling the metal. 

Uses. The sinter oxide form is used as charge nickel in the manufacture of alloy steels and stainless steels (see Steel). The oxide furnishes oxygen to the melt for decarburization and slagging. In 1993, >100, 000 metric tons of nickel contained in sinter oxide was shipped to the world s steel industry. Nickel oxide sinter is charged as a granular material to an electric furnace with steel scrap and ferrochrome the mixture is melted and blown with air to remove carbon as CO2. The melt is slagged, pouted into a ladle, the composition is adjusted, and the melt is cast into appropriate shapes. A modification of the use of sinter oxide is its injection directiy into the molten metal (33). 

Includes regular fireclay, semisilica superduty fireclay, ladle brick, and insulating firebrick (IFB) below 23. Includes high alumina, mulhte, and extra high alumina brick. 

Except ladle brick which is heated as stated min refers to expansion, and max to shrinkage of diameter. Value is maximum. 

Fireclay refractories are used in kilns, ladles, and heat regenerators, acid—slag-resistant apphcations, boilers, blast furnaces, and rotary kilns. They are generally inexpensive. 

High Alumina Refractories. The desired alumina content, from 100% to just above 45%, is obtained by adding bauxites, synthetic aluminosihcates, and synthetic aluminas to clay and other bonding agents. These refractories are used in kilns, ladles, and furnaces that operate at temperatures or under conditions for which fireclay refractories are not suited. Phosphate-bonded alumina bricks have exceptionally high strength at low to intermediate temperatures and are employed in aluminum furnaces. High alumina and mullite are used in furnace roofs and petrochemical apphcations. 

Zirconium-hearing 75% ferroshicon is used as an iaoculant ia both gray and ductile iron. The ahoy contains 70—80% Si, 0.4—1.5% Ca, 1—1.8% Al, and 0.25—3.5% Zr. Because of its high dissolution rate, it can be added ia the ladle or ia-stream iaoculant. This ahoy gives excehent chill reduction. 

When the furnace is tilted toward the charging floor, which is on a platform above ground level, soHd scrap is dumped by an overhead crane into the mouth of the furnace. Scrap can form up to 30% of the charge unless it is preheated, when up to 45% may be used. The crane then moves away from the furnace and another crane carries a transfer ladle of molten pig iron to the furnace and pours the molten pig iron on top of the scrap. 

The finished steel from any furnace, whether basic-oxygen or electric, is tapped into ladles. Most ladles hold all the steel produced in one furnace heat. 

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