Lactate ion

Calculate [H+] and pH in a solution in which lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is 0.250M and the lactate ion, C3H5O3-, is... 

The oxidation of lactate ion by alkaline permanganate (0.1 M base) was examined as part of the general study of the oxidation of acetone and its possible oxidation products . The reaetion is first-order in lactate ion, and, if it is assumed that it is also first-order in oxidant, then the second-order rate coefficient is 2 l.mole sec" at 25 °C. 

Before running the model, we need to include lactate ion in the thermodynamic database. To do so, we add a redox couple,... 

This type of extraction is employed in the BP assay of Cyclizine Lactate Injection the injection is diluted with dilute H2SO4 and then neutral and acidic excipients are extracted with ether. The solution is basified and the cyclizine is extracted into ether leaving the lactate ion, which would not have extracted during the initial ether extraction step, behind in the aqueous layer. For convenience in measurement by UV spectrophotometry and in order to carry out volumetric dilution of the extract, cyclizine is then back extracted into dilute H2SO4 and subjected to further dilution. 

As the salt molecular mass (MB) increased from 58 to 112 Da, the transport number for Na+ in the corresponding solution tended to increase from 0.4 to 0.6 for the progressively smaller equivalent conductance at infinite dilution (20 ) of acetate, propionate, and lactate ions with respect to that of Cl-. Nevertheless, the current within the electromembranes was almost exclusively carried by the counterions. 

Lactated ringers contains sodium lactate. If the formula of sodium lactate is NaC3H503, what is the charge on the lactate ion (lactate = C3H503 with some unspecified charge). 

Since the Na+ ion has a +1 charge, the lactate ion must have a -1 charge, C3H503-h... 

Glycine Glycinate ion Glycylglycine Glycylglycinate L(+)-Lactic acid L(+)-Lactate ion a-Lactose p-Lactose DL-Leudne L-Leucine L-Leucinate ion L-Malic acid L-Malate ion a-Maltose p-Maltose Methanol L-Methionine Oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetate ion Palmitic acid Pyruvic acid Pyruvate ion 2-Propanol Succinic acid Succinate ion Sucrose dl-Valine L-Valine L-Valine ion L-Valinate ion Water... 

Procedures for the (in-process extraction) of lactate ion (see [35], pp. 84-85) are not salt-free, because the subsequent recovery of lactic acid still requires an equivalent of acid. 

As described above, titanium forms a stable complex with not only citric acid, but also lactic acid. Lactate ion does not form precipitate with strontium or barium. Therefore all of the titanium, barium, and strontium ions can be kept in an aqueous solution with use of lactic acid, that is, synthesis of Ba Srj. TiOj is possible. The ratio of the metallic elements can be arbitrarily changed, and thus all compositions of Ba Sri Ti03 can be synthesized. 

Lactic acid, present in blood entirely as lactate ion (pK = 3.86), is an intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism and is derived mainly from muscle cells and erythrocytes (see Chapter 25). It represents the end product of anaerobic metabolism and is normally metabolized by the liver. The blood lactate concentration is, therefore, affected by the rate of production and the rate of metabolism, both of which are dependent on adequate tissue perfusion. An increase in the concentration of lactate to >2 mmol/L and the associated increased is considered lactic acidosis. 

X = molality of H+ and lactate ions that have been formed... 

Stepwise formation constants and free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes have been calculated for the 1 1, 1 2, and 1 3 complexes of AP" with malonate and succinate ions. Table 8 gives the calculated values for the stability constants of aluminium complexes with propionate and lactate ions in aqueous solutions, with I = 1. Solution calorimetry was used to determine values for the enthalpies of formation of tris(tropolonato)Al " and tris(4-methyltropolonato)Al " (Table 9) they were used to derive gas-phase enthalpies of formation, and hence the A1—O bond energies. ... 

Let us examine some biological reactions that release energy and see how some of that energy is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. The multistep conversion of glucose to lactate ions is an exergonic and anaerobic process. Two molecules of ADP are phosphorylated to ATP for each molecule of glucose metabolized. The basic reactions are the production of lactate, which is exergonic. 

Ho CY, Gu Q, Hong JL, Lee LY (2000) Prostaglandin E(2) enhances chemical and mechanical sensitivities of pulmonary C fibers in the rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(2, Part l) 528-33 Hong JL, Ho CY, Kwong K, Lee LY (1998) Activation of pulmonary C fibres by adenosine in anaesthetized rats role of adenosine A1 receptors. J Physiol 508(Part 1) 109-18 Hong JL, Kwong K, Lee LY (1997) Stimulation of pulmonary C fibres by lactic acid in rats contributions of H+ and lactate ions. J Physiol 500(Part 2) 319-29 Horiuchi H, Nonaka T, Ito M, Kaniwa T, Kishimoto T, Euchikami J, Kohjimoto Y, Kiyoki M... 

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