Lack of research

Eutrophication Problems with eutrophication of river basins do not rely on lack of research, but on the effectiveness of the measures that are difficult to quantify. Furthermore, due to the diffuse nature of this key issue, it is also difficult to select appropriate measures. 

Barlow 2003). It ought perhaps to be underlined that there has been a significant lack of research representing the recounted experiences of this group of children and young people. 

While there are extensive data on the use of methadone substitution therapy in adult opiate-dependent patients, there are only two published studies on opiate substitution therapy in adolescents and most of these subjects were 18 years of age or older (Hopfer et al., 2000). This lack of research is particularly concerning, given the recent increase in heroin use among adolescents (Hopfer et ah, 2000). Two newer substitution agents, L-oc acetylmethadol (LAAM) and buprenor-phine, offer alternatives to methadone, but remain untested in youth with SUD (Kranzler et al., 1999). 

A marked exception to the lack of research on two-way contact in tourist-local encounters involves sexual relationships. This is a complex topic incorporating many kinds of encounters, some of which are readily labelled, while others defy easy description. Traveller motivation is complex, local participation is complex and the broader effect on the host society is often both damaging and complex (Craik, 1997). Herold et al. (2001) use the term companionship tourism to synthesise the multiple relationship possibilities inherent in the work of other researchers. 

Considering the lack of research being performed on 1,2- and 1,3-oxathietanes and their oxidized forms, it is not surprising that there are no reports in the last decade on the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon atoms. 

Very few reports of the excited-state structural dynamics of the purine nucleobases have appeared in the literature. This lack of research effort is probably due to a number of factors. The primary factor is the lack of photochemistry seen in the purines. Although adenine can form photoadducts with thymine, and this accounts for 0.2% of the photolesions found upon UVC irradiation of DNA [67], the purines appear to be relatively robust to UV irradiation. This lack of photoreactivity is probably due to the aromatic nature of the purine nucleobases. A practical issue with the purine nucleobases is their insolubility in water. While adenine enjoys reasonable solubility, it is almost an order of magnitude lower than that of thymine and uracil, the two most soluble nucleobases [143], Guanine is almost completely insoluble in water at room temperature [143],... 

Actinide halides and oxyhalides are known to form numerous complexes with oxygen and nitrogen donor ligands and the preparation and properties of such compounds have recently been reviewed (12, 13). Relatively few protactinium halide complexes are known, but this situation reflects the lack of research rather than a tendency not to form complexes. However, there is sufficient information available for certain ligands to permit a comparison with the behavior of other actinide halides, and to illustrate the similarities and differences observed with the tetrahalides of thorium to plutonium inclusive and, to a lesser extent, with the protactinium and uranium pentahalides. 

There are few quality data on pharmacokinetic differences between men and women. Ofteip study findings are inconsistent inconclusive and of questionable clinical significance. To date the evidence suggests that there may be sex differences in the area of pharmacodynamics. Unfortunately there have been few investigations of sex differences in pharmacodynamics. This lack of research is most likely due to the challenge of investigating pharmacodynamic effect. 

Both undertreatment and underutilization of medications are common problems in the elderly. It is often a result of stereotyping by healthcare professionals, lack of education of managing medications in the elderly, and lack of research. Examples include treatment of hypertension, prescribing hormone therapy, osteoporosis, treating MI, lipid management, pain management, and depression. 

While at present the principal applications of fiirfiiral are seen to be as an extractant for lubricating oils, vegetable oils, and diesel fuel, as a fungicide, as a nematocide, and as the raw material for furfuryl alcohol to make foundry resins, other uses have been proven successfully on a multitude of fronts, and it is only a lack of research which prevents furfural and its derivatives from flooding the world in a sturming variety of different applications. 

The EBM movement is a relatively recent endeavor. With such a wide range of treatments available and numerous conditions, it is inevitable that there will not always be evidence to inform decision making. This may be due to a lack of collation of the available research evidence or a lack of research per se. In these instances, there are several options depending on the immediacy of the decision. 

Herbal medicines, plant-derived materials, or products with therapeutic or other human health benefits that contain either raw or processed ingredients from one or more plants (1) have been utilized to treat various diseases for thousands of years, especially in Far Eastern countries. It is estimated that traditional herbal preparations account for 30%-50% of the total medicinal consumption in China (2). However, The quantity and quality of the safety and efficacy data on traditional medicine are far from sufficient to meet the criteria needed to support its use worldwide. The reasons for the lack of research data are due not only to health-care policies, but also to a lack of adequate or... 

The indirect effects are difficult to measure, and there is a lack of research on the subject. No Danish empirical analyses show the connections between activation and the participation rate. The substitution effect has most thoroughly been analysed with Swedish data (Calmfors et al. 2001), but a quite new Danish study makes an attempt to clarify the phenomenon. Hussain and Rasmussen (2007) measure a substitution effect of 0.4. This means that the number of ordinary employees falls by 0.4 every time a person is employed in a wage subsidy scheme. 

Due to lack of research in this area, only limited information on film properties-CVD growth conditions relationships is available. The highest reported for a CVD-de-rived NbN film is 15.7 K (Table 2-4) [76]. The dependence of phase development on substrate temperature and CI2 flow rate will next be discussed. The reaction of NbCls... 

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