Labial

Laker anil Smith hare esamined ibe oil distilled from the learea and alalks oi Ihia Labiale plant. Tbe vield was O iier cent, and tbe oil had an odour of euealrptol, with the follow ing characters —... 

Active labial HSV infection. Prescribe prophylaxis with oral antivirals in patients with relapsing HSV (2 days pre- and 5 days post-operatively)... 

Similar constant checking across the cycle occurs in the Spider monkey (Ateles), where males directly sniff and nasally contact the females complex labial folds. The external genitalia lack visual peri-ovulatory alterations, hence usage of the AOS may occur. It is however unestablished in this, as in many other species without overt vulval colour change (Klein, 1971 Hunter et al., 1984). 

Fig. 7.9(a) Discrimination of labial secretions by female Ring-tailed lemurs differential VN-related responses (licks, c.f. 6,c/5 min) to own, WA vs. strange-female, scent (from Dugmore, 1984). 

Brown C. (1968). Additional observations on the function of the naso-labial grooves of Plethodontid salamanders. Copeia, 728-731. 

The gene encoding PBAN was first characterized from H. zea and B. mori [134,137,138,195]. The cDNA was found to encode the 33 amino acid PBAN plus four additional peptides with a common C-terminal FXPRL sequence motif, including that of the diapause hormone of B. mori (Fig. 6). Three additional peptides with the common C-termini and sequence homology to those of H. zea and B. mori have been deduced from cDNA isolated from pheromone glands of several other moths [194,196-200]. Studies conducted to find the post-translational processed peptides indicated that PBAN was found to a greater extent in the mandibular and maxillary clusters than in the labial cluster of neurons... 

Bumblebee males mark objects on their flight paths with secretions from the labial glands [ 126,127]. Although these marks can be attractive to both males and virgin queens, and are chemically well characterized in several species, the specific components responsible for attraction remain unknown. 

Liquid Recycle OK OK Product thermally unstable Product labiality... 

Labial ScroEal Brachial Anlabrach Ail odors Labial Anlebrach Labial Aalebrach... 

Fig. 8.2 Mean response frequency or duration by (a-c) female, F, and (d-f) male, M, L. catta to conspecific glandular secretions, (a) F sniffing all odorants as a function of her reproductive state (breed > non F 3 =28.57, P =0.013 ). (b) F licking labial odorant as a function of the donors reproductive state (breed > non t =3.00, P= 0.58, n.s.). (c) F frequency and site-specificity of scent marking as a function of odorant type Fs counter marked the unscented dowel in response to scrotal scent, but over-marked scented dowels in response to labial scent (ti = 3.87, P =0.030 ). (d) M response as a function of odorant type (antebrachial was sniffed least = 6.75, P = 0.011 brachial was wrist marked most Fs = 7.16, P = 0.009 ). (e) M...

Fig. 8.3 Gas chromatograms of L. catta (a) labial, (b) scrotal, and (c) brachial secretions...

Despite similarity between the secretions of the two genital glands, differences between the chemical profiles of all three types of secretions emerged in the LDA (Fig. 8.4a). Likewise, reliable seasonal variation appeared in the chemical profiles derived from all three sources (labial Fig. 8.4b scrotal Wilks lambda = 0.018, P <0.01 brachial Wilks lambda = 0.136, P <0.05). We also found the anticipated individual-specific signatures in scent secretions derived from the genital glands (labial Wilks lambda = 0.000, P <0.01 scrotal Fig. 8.4c), but not from... 

Fig. 8.4 Discriminant analyses of the principal chemical components in L. catta scent secretions by (a) gland, (b) season, and (c) individual, (a) Accurate classification of 97.5% of labial, scrotal, and brachial samples in = 77) by gland of origin (Wilks lambda = 0.003 P < 0.001). (b) Reliable differentiation of 100% of labial samples (n = 26) into prebreeding, breeding, and nonbreeding seasons (Wilks lambda = 0.018, P < 0.01). (c) Individual scent signatures in the scrotal secretions from seven males. LDA performed on 17 principal components correctly classified 100% of these samples to the individuals from which they were collected (Wilks lambda = 0.000, P < 0.002)...

Some information (e.g. reproductive state) appears to be contained solely within the chemical matrix of certain marks, particularly within the stable genital secretions. Thus, longer-lasting signals may be broadcast to any animal that comes in contact with labial or scrotal marks. Such a scenario seems particularly applicable to females that scent mark most frequently prior to the onset of estrus cycles, but nonetheless when their sex steroids are on the rise (Drea 2007). Such advertisement may encourage male immigration at a time that would maximize the opportunity of female mate choice, even if the mechanism of, or criteria for, selection remain obscure. 

A number of chemo- and mechanoreceptors participate in the male behaviors. The female contact pheromone is detected by chemosensilla on the antennae and labial and maxillary palps (Ramaswamy and Gupta, 1981). The number of these sensilla increases dramatically during the metamorphic molt, and much more so in males than in females. Unfortunately, no electrophysiological recordings have been conducted, and the specific sensillum type that responds to the contact pheromone... 

Ramaswamy, S. B. and Gupta, A. P. (1981). Sensilla of the antennae and the labial and maxillary palps of Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera Blattellidae) their classification and distribution. Journal of Morphology 168 269-279. 

The nasal septum is supplied posteriorly by the sphenopalatine artery, superiorly by the anterior ethmoid artery, and antero-inferiorly by the superior labial branch of the facial artery. In addition, the inferior and lateral walls of the nasal cavity are supplied by the palatine and ethmoid artery, respectively, whereas the remainder of the blood supply to the nasal cavity comes from the sphenopalatine artery. 

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